Дискурс, антагонизм и агонизм: дискурсивная теория Лаклау и Муфф и ее последующее развитие

Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Философия и конфликтология. 2026. Т. 12. № 1. С. 107–117.

Baysha O.

The article analyzes which of the fundamental postulates of the discourse theory by Ernes-to Laclau and Chantal Mouffe found their development in Laclau’s theory of populism and Mouffe’s theory of agonistic democracy. Three basis components of the discourse theory are considered. These are discursive mechanisms by which certain meanings are fixed; the theory of collective identity, which Laclau developed into the theory of populism; and the possibility of forming such a political project in which the presence of antagonisms will not lead to the development of a radical conflict — an aspect that became the basis of Mouffe’s theory of ago-nistic democracy. Later, Nico Carpentier developed Mouffe’s ideas on the transformation of antagonism into agonism into a theory of antagonistic discourse, a brief overview of which is also presented in the paper. According to Carpentier, antagonistic discourse is formed if three conditions are met: the difference between opponents is presented as radically insurmount1able; the relations between them are built hierarchically; and the opposing camps are discur-sively constructed as totalities devoid of internal contradictions. The article argues that the integrated use of the theories by Laclau, Mouffe and Carpentier allows for a more profound study of social conflicts by focusing on several aspects at once. Among them are the creation of protest coalitions, the discursive construction of the enemy, the formation of antagonisms, as well as their resolution. It is concluded that under the real conditions of political confronta-tions, radical antagonisms can be weakened by strengthening internal contradictions within the equivalent chains of protest movements.

Keywords: популизм, общественные движения, радикализм, populism, social movements, radicalism, антагонизм, antagonism, discourse theory, antagonistic discourse, agonism, агонизм, теория дискурса, антагонистический дискурс