Экономическая оценка влияния технической оснащённости на уровень самообеспеченности региона зерном (на примере Рязанской области)

АПК: Экономика, управление. 2026. № 5. С. 52–59.

Богданчиков И. Ю., Mitrofanov S. V., Orlova N.

This article presents a methodology for quantitatively assessing the impact of the technical
readiness coefficient of grain harvesting equipment on regional grain self-sufficiency, a key indicator of the
production component of food security. Using the Ryazan Region as a case study, a comprehensive analysis
of combine fleet dynamics and total grain harvest for 2024-2025 was conducted. An empirical model was
developed to predict operational technical readiness based on equipment service life, enabling the conversion
of physical wear metrics into direct economic losses. The study shows that a decline in the readiness coefficient
from 0.95 to 0.6 increases grain losses by 22 percentage points, resulting in annual economic damage
exceeding 10.4 billion RUB at November 2025 baseline prices (11,950 RUB/t). Raising technical readiness
to the planned level of 0.8 reduces harvesting costs by 33%, improves cost efficiency by 1.7 times, and
increases regional self-sufficiency from 213% to 248%. Practical recommendations for differentiated machine
and tractor fleet (MTF) renewal and targeted leasing subsidies confirm the economic feasibility of
accelerated MTF modernization to strengthen agricultural production potential.

Keywords: экономические потери, technical readiness, combine harvesters, economic losses, machine and tractor fleet, technical readiness coefficient, техническая готовность, зерноуборочные комбайны, машинно-тракторный парк, коэффициент технической готовности