Эволюция и текущее состояние климатических переговоров в ООН

Современная мировая экономика. 2025. Т. 3. № 3. С. 57–76.

Кокорин А. О., Chistikov M.

The article outlines the main stages of the evolution of climate negotiations, their key features and outcomes. In addition, the paper also outlines the specifics of the current state of negotiations. After the initial research phase, which resulted in the formation of the institutional structure of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), an “experiment” was undertaken to conclude the Kyoto Protocol (KP), which implied internationally accepted targets for developed countries. It gave a lot of experience, but did not lead to a solution to the problem. At the next stage, connected with the signing of the Paris Agreement (PA), a balance of interests of developed and developing countries was found, based on climate financing of the Global South by the Global North. This activity was supplemented by national long-term goals of leading countries to achieve carbon neutrality in the second half of the 21st century. In recent years, the growing influence of the Global South and the insufficiency of funds from the North led to the adoption at the end of 2024 such financial goal of the PA for 2035, which marks the beginning of the stage of financial globalization of the PA. For the current state of negotiations, a summary has been prepared of what the UN climate negotiations are and are not about. They are based on voluntary action by countries and are generally aimed at achieving global carbon neutrality by the end of the century leading to stabilization of warming at ~30C of the 19th century. Finance is a dominant theme and link both North and South and within the Global South. It is believed that better knowledge of the evolution and state of negotiations will help in understanding the challenges and opportunities for future action at the international level and also in adaptation of Russia to climate changes.

Keywords: adaptation to climate change, выбросы парниковых газов, Парижское соглашение, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Paris Agreement, климатическое финансирование, адаптация к изменениям климата, GHG emissions, climate finance, Рамочная конвенция ООН об изменении климата