Консультативное заключение Международного трибунала по морскому праву об обязательствах государств в связи с изменением климата: комментарий

Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Серия 14. Право. 2025. Т. 16. № 4. С. 1071–1087.

Rovnov Y.

This article comments on the advisory opinion issued by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) on May 21, 2024 on a request submitted by the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law (COSIS). Seeking to strike a balance between conflicting views of participants in the proceedings, ITLOS has made pronouncements that are difficult to reconcile. On the one hand, it found that states parties to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) had obligations to protect the marine environment from anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases that went beyond those under the international climate change regime and in particular the Paris Agreement. On the other, it refrained from unequivocally stating that the parties to UNCLOS were under an obligation to take all necessary measures to limit the global average temperature rise to 1.5 °C. What is more, ITLOS opined that the Paris Agreement, which does not lay down legally binding temperature thresholds or emission reduction targets, could be a factor in determining the scope of the parties’ relevant obligations under UNCLOS. A brief overview of the climate change challenge and of the international legal framework governing the global response to it is intended to make the article accessible to readers who are not familiar with the intricacies of the global climate agenda and its international legal dimension.

Keywords: изменение климата, международное морское право, climate change, International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, Международный трибунал по морскому праву, консультативное заключение, Парижское соглашение, advisory opinion, Paris Agreement, Конвенция ООН по морскому праву, pollution of marine environment, anthropogenic GHG emissions, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, ITLOS, антропогенные выбросы парниковых газов, загрязнение морской среды, МТМП