Состояние здоровья работника как детерминанта правового регулирования отношений в сфере труда и социального обеспечения: проблемы и перспективы

Журнал российского права. 2026. Т. 30. № 6. С. 73–85.

Клепалова Ю. И.

A comprehensive analysis of the impact of an employee’s health status on the dynamics of legal regulation of labor and social security relations is due to the presence of gaps and contradictions in current legislation. The purpose of the study is to identify systemic problems of legal regulation in connection with the assessment of the employee’s health status. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been set: to analyze the types of medical examinations and the legal facts generated by them; to investigate the legal consequences of temporary disability, disability, professional unfitness and occupational diseases; to evaluate the effectiveness of existing guarantees and identify trends in judicial practice. The research is based on the methods of systematic analysis of legal norms, the comparative legal method, as well as the analysis of judicial practice and official statistics.

Conclusion: the existing legal mechanism is insufficiently flexible and generates disputes. The key problems include: the risks of employers with unconfirmed disability; low quota efficiency and the economic disadvantage of employing disabled people for employers; lack of guarantees for the period of professional suitability examination; an undifferentiated approach to contraindications for continuing to work in the profession; lack of clear criteria for establishing a link between the disease and the profession.

Keywords: трудовое право, судебная практика, инвалидность, состояние здоровья, social security law, право социального обеспечения, judicial practice, disability, labor law, медицинская экспертиза, профессиональное заболевание, health status, occupational diseases, medical examination, temporary disability, временная нетрудоспособность