Туземные советы в Автономной области Коми в контексте проблем национального строительства в 1920-е гг.

Ежегодник финно-угорских исследований. 2026. Т. 20. № 3. С. 387–397.

Боголюбов Е. А., Попов А. К.

The article examines the problems of nation-building in the North-West of the RSFSR, describes the shortcomings of native legislation in relation to the Autonomous Region of Komi (Zyryan) in the 1920s. Tribal councils were established in the RSFSR as early as the first half of the 1920s. At the same time, individual regions adopted their own acts regulating the activities of tribal councils. Actively native councils began to be established after the adoption in 1926. The Provisional Regulations on the Administration of the Indigenous Peoples and tribes of the northern Outskirts of the RSFSR. Due to its generalizing nature, this document could not take into account the peculiarities of the life of individual peoples. The document contained an exhaustive list of peoples who were allowed to establish native councils. The Komi people were not included in this list because they already had their own administrative-territorial entity – the Autonomous Region of Komi (Zyryan). However, there were Komi nomads who were close to the Nenets in their living conditions (previously called Samoyeds). Komi nomads and Nenets were engaged in reindeer husbandry and roamed in the Bolshezemelskaya tundra, but only the Nenets had the right to create native government bodies. In the second half of the 1920s, there was a discussion about the need to grant the same right to Komi nomads. The article presents the official positions of regional and federal authorities on this issue. As a result, the Komi nomads were not included in the native councils. This outcome of the discussion was caused by ideological, economic and legal reasons.

Keywords: nation building, национальное строительство, коренные народы, ненцы, Committee of the North, Комитет Севера, natives, native councils, Samoyeds, Komi nomads, native government bodies, Komi Autonomous Region (Zyryan), native legislation, туземные советы, коми-кочевники, органы туземного управления, Автономная область Коми (Зырян), туземное законодательство