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Удаленность: феномен и роль в понимании Российского Севера
The definition of the North as a specific territory in scientific, engineering, and legislative fields is ambiguous due to the conflict between three main models of conceptual and conceptualization: attributive, comparative, and their combinations. The attributive definition of the North is based on its correlation with a set of inherent territorial properties: climate, latitude, natural zone, indigenous settlement area, etc. In the comparative model, the North is defined primarily through contrast with another territory (primary settlement zone, etc.) and relative characteristics ("distance from...," "lower level of industrial development compared to...," "higher costs compared to..."). Northern benefits were historically formed within the framework of the comparative model of understanding the North, which was subsequently eroded. Combining these models diminishes the practical significance of the concept.