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Использование полевых методов исследования для оценки сезонной динамики сельских населенных пунктов (на примере Великолукского района Псковской области)
The article attempts to actualize the method of visual observations in socio-geographical studies of rural areas using the example of studying the seasonality of rural settlement within the Velikiye Luki district of the Pskov region. Within the framework of the study, a formalized methodology for the visual assessment of the use of households in rural areas is proposed based on a number of criteria specified during field observations and integrated into a sequential algorithm. Two groups of parameters allow us to reveal the permanent or seasonal type of the use of a plot. The former indirectly characterize the owners of the plot: their income, stylistic preferences and needs for the house improvement, etc. The second group represents direct and indirect criteria for the use of a land plot. The characteristics of the intensity of economic use of the plot (the size of the kitchengarden and the composition of cultivated crops, the features of outbuildings, etc.) are the indirect criteria. The objects formed directly under the influence of the year–round living, for example, stocks of firewood, which are necessary in winter in a non-gasified area, trails, etc., are the direct ones. The methodology was applied to survey more than 3,3 thousand households in 132 rural settlements. The data obtained on the household use seasonality correlate with population dynamics and make it possible to clarify a number of spatial patterns of rural transformation in the Non-Chernozem zone, such as the territorial features of the formation of suburban areas around the district centers and the factors of the distribution of dachas in peripheral parts of the districts.