География или идеология? Сравнительный анализ позиций левых и правых популистов по вопросу политики развития (на примере Италии и Германии)

Вестник Пермского университета. Серия: Политология. 2025. № 3. С. 16–27.

Тарасов А. С., Туренко А. Р.

The article examines left- and right-wing populist rhetoric on development policy. It also explores how the migration context, especially the refugee crisis, fueled the electoral rise of populist parties in Europe. Using a comparative approach, the study analyzes the rhetoric of right-wing populist parties (Alternative for Germany, Lega) and left-wing populist parties (Five Star Movement, The Left) at the national level in the front-line country (Italy) and the destination country (Germany) to identify similarities and differences in their positions. A content analysis of electoral programs for national parliamentary elections shows that left-wing populist parties focus more on development policy than their right-wing counterparts. The rhetoric of the German and Italian left-wing parties shares more commonalities than that of right-wing populists. Populist parties frame the development policy in connection with the migration policy. Both left- and right-wing populists emphasize the importance of addressing migration issues. However, right-wing parties view development policy as a tool to curb migration, while left-wing parties see it as a means to reduce socio-economic inequality and achieve social justice. A significant difference is noted in their trade policy approach. The study finds rhetorical differences stem from core ideology, not geography. Migration context isn't decisive in shaping development policy.

Keywords: политика развития, миграционный кризис, migration crisis, development policy, refugee crisis, кризис беженцев, right-wing populism, правый популизм, Alternative for Germany, «Альтернатива для Германии», левый популизм, left-wing populism, Lega, Five Star Movement, The Left, «Лига», «Движение пяти звезд», «Левая партия»