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Незавершенный эпидемиологический переход в Казахстане: изменения в ожидаемой продолжительности жизни и структуре причин смерти
This article examines Kazakhstan’s epidemiological transition, focusing on shifts in mortality pat terns and life expectancy within the context of socioeconomic and demographic influences. The study aims to explore the evolution of Kazakhstan’s population mortality from 1991 to 2022, encompassing both age-standardized and cause-specific mortality rates, and the corresponding changes in life expec tancy. The author set the task of determining which stage of the epidemiological transition Kazakhstan is currently at and identify the key factors influencing the present situation. This topic is important for understanding the dynamics of mortality and health of the population in the context of economic and social changes in the country. Understanding the complex relationship between death rates, public health, and the changing eco nomic and social fabric of a country is essential to this field of study. This not only helps to systematize the changes in mortality and life expectancy but also provides understanding of the mechanisms these changes, as well as the impact of socio-economic and demographic factors. The research methodology includes a comparative analysis of official mortality statistics, the use of age and standardized rates, and the calculation of life tables. For a more detailed analysis, the decompo sition method was applied, enabling the identification of cause-and-effect relationships in the changes in life expectancy and mortality for the main causes of death. Analyzing mortality rates using decomposition methods in the period from 2010 to 2022, the main factors influencing fluctuations in life expectancy in Kazakhstan were diseases of the circulatory system, injuries and external causes, as well as cancers and neoplasms. The main results of the study indicate that mortality in Kazakhstan exhibits stable characteristics of an incomplete epidemiological transition. Diseases of the circulatory system dominate the mortality structure. There is an excessive mortality rate, especially among men.. The high mortality rate of men of working age is explained by mortality from external causes, and in older working age groups-by dis eases of the circulatory system, which may mean that the epidemiological shift has not been completed. Developing and putting into action a comprehensive health plan with the dual goals of enhancing the prevention and treatment of circulatory system diseases and lowering mortality from outside sources is required to finish the third stage of the epidemiological transition. The article’s practical significance lies in its utilization of study data to formulate recommendations for enhancing health systems and social policies, decreasing mortality, and raising life expectancy.