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Эстетическая утопия и «помутнение» эстетического начала. О содержательной неоднородности эстетического дискурса в позднем творчестве Ф.М. Достоевского
This article outlines a new conceptualization of the philosophical aesthetics of F.M. Dos-toevsky as a dialogue of two complexes of ideas – utopic and personalistic. The firstcomplex, based on a concept of the aesthetic intuition, which guarantees the moral adjust-ment of man, is represented in his novels by the experience of the mystic characters andthe idea of a God-bearing nation. The other – personalistic conception, represented bythemoral dilemmas of beautiful characters and eschatological motives of particular no-vels, on the contrary, highlights the moral ambiguity of earthly beauty and necessityofafree choice between good and evil. By preference of either of complexes of ideas,theresearch literature is also divided in two directions – the first of which (utopic) origi-nates from the reading of V.S. Solovyov and the other (personalistic) – from the readingsof N.A. Berdyaev and V.I. Ivanov. Comparison of interpretations allows us to hypothesizethe heterogeneity of aesthetics of Dostoevsky and consider personalism and utopismastwo independent philosophical worldviews, exhibited in the novels of Dostoevsky.Theanalysis of development of Dostoevsky’ aesthetic discourse shows that dualismofconceptions of beauty persists in all his writings, starting from the 1860-s, and thatthewriter does not collide the ideas of two directions, but statically reproduces themwithin a single dialogical scheme with no intention of a philosophical synthesis. Suchacomplication and bifurcation of function of beauty in the moral upbringing of maninlater writings of Dostoevsky can reflect his reaction to the revaluation of values, ari-sing from secularization and the crisis of nihilism.