Book
Actes de la 18e conference sur le Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturels. Actes de la 15e Rencontre des Etudiants Cercheurs en Informatique pour le Traitement Automatique des Langues. France, Montpellie, 27th June - 1st July 2011
The book contains the proceedigs of the 18th International Conference on Automatic Processing of Natural Langage (France, Montpellie, 27th June - 1st July 2011).
The paper describes the structure and possible applications of the theory of K-representations (knowledge representations) in bioinformatics and in the development of a Semantic Web of a new generation. It is an original theory of designing semantic-syntactic analyzers of natural language (NL) texts with the broad use of formal means for representing input, intermediary, and output data. The current version of the theory is set forth in a monograph by V. Fomichov (Springer, 2010). The first part of the theory is a formal model describing a system consisting of ten operations on conceptual structures. This model defines a new class of formal languages – the class of SK-languages. The broad possibilities of constructing semantic representations of complex discourses pertaining to biology are shown. A new formal approach to developing multilingual algorithms of semantic-syntactic analysis of NL-texts is outlined. This approach is realized by means of a program in the language PYTHON.
The paper presents work on automatic Arabic dialect classification and proposes machine learning classification method where training dataset consists of two corpora. The first one is a small corpus of manually dialectannotated instances. The second one contains big amount of instances that were grabbed from the Web automatically using word-marks—most unique and frequent dialectal words used as dialect identifiers. In the paper we considered four dialects that are mostly used by Arabic people: Levantine, Egyptian, Saudi and Iraq. The most important benefit of that approach is the fact that it reduces time expenses on manual annotation of data from social media, because the accent is made on the corpus created automatically. Best results that we got were achieved with Naïve Bayes classifier trained using character-based bigrams, trigrams and word-marks vocabulary: precision of classification reaches 0.92 with F1 -measure equal to 0.91 on the test set of instances taken from manually annotated corpus.
The paper describes the structure and possible applications of the theory of K-representations (knowledge representations) in bioinformatics and in the development of a Semantic Web of a new generation. It is an original theory of designing semantic-syntactic analyzers of natural language (NL) texts with the broad use of formal means for representing input, intermediary, and output data. The current version of the theory is set forth in a monograph by V. Fomichov (Springer, 2010). The first part of the theory is a formal model describing a system consisting of ten operations on conceptual structures. This model defines a new class of formal languages – the class of SK-languages. The broad possibilities of constructing semantic representations of complex discourses pertaining to biology are shown. A new formal approach to developing multilingual algorithms of semantic-syntactic analysis of NL-texts is outlined. This approach is realized by means of a program in the language PYTHON.
Nowadays, a field of dialogue systems and conversational agents is one of the rapidly growing research areas in artificial intelligence applications. Business and industry are showing increasing interest in implementing intelligent conversational agents into their products. Many recent studies has tended to focus on possibility of developing task-oriented systems which are able to have long and free social chats that occur naturally in social human interactions. In order to better understand the user’s expression, and then feedback the correct information, natural language understanding plays an extremely important role. Despite progress made in solving NLP problems, it remains very challenging today in the field of dialogue systems. In this paper, we review the recent progress in developing dialogue systems, its current architecture features and further prospects. We focus on the natural language understanding tasks which are key for building a good conversational agent, and than we are summarizing NLP methods and frameworks, in order to allow researchers to study the potential improvements of the state-of-the-art dialogue systems. Additionally, we consider the dialogue concept in context of human-machine interaction, and briefly describe dialogue evaluation metrics.
This paper presents an algorithm that allows the user to issue a query pattern, collects multi-word expressions (MWEs) that match the pattern, and then ranks them in a uniform fashion. This is achieved by quantifying the strength of all possible relations between the tokens and their features in the MWEs. The algorithm collects the frequency of morphological categories of the given pattern on a unified scale in order to choose the stable categories and their values. For every part of speech, and for all of its categories, we calculate a normalized Kullback-Leibler divergence between the category’s distribution in the pattern and its distribution in the corpus overall. Categories with the largest divergence are considered to be the most significant. The particular values of the categories are sorted according to a frequency ratio. As a result, we obtain morphosyntactic profiles of a given pattern, which includes the most stable category of the pattern, and their values.
This paper is an overview of the current issues and tendencies in Computational linguistics. The overview is based on the materials of the conference on computational linguistics COLING’2012. The modern approaches to the traditional NLP domains such as pos-tagging, syntactic parsing, machine translation are discussed. The highlights of automated information extraction, such as fact extraction, opinion mining are also in focus. The main tendency of modern technologies in Computational linguistics is to accumulate the higher level of linguistic analysis (discourse analysis, cognitive modeling) in the models and to combine machine learning technologies with the algorithmic methods on the basis of deep expert linguistic knowledge.
A framework for fast text analysis, which is developed as a part of the Texterra project, is described. Texterra provides a scalable solution for the fast text processing on the basis of novel methods that exploit knowledge extracted from the Web and text documents. For the developed tools, details of the project, use cases, and evaluation results are presented.
This workshop is about major challenges in the overall process of MWE treatment, both from the theoretical and the computational viewpoint, focusing on original research related to the following topics:
Manually and automatically constructed resources Representation of MWEs in dictionaries and ontologies MWEs in linguistic theories like HPSG, LFG and minimalism MWEs and user interaction Multilingual acquisition Multilingualism and MWE processing Models of first and second language acquisition of MWEs Crosslinguistic studies on MWEs The role of MWEs in the domain adaptation of parsers Integration of MWEs into NLP applications Evaluation of MWE treatment techniques Lexical, syntactic or semantic aspects of MWEsThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS 2009, which took place in Moscow, Russia, on July 26-31, 2009.
The 18 papers presented together with 5 invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from approximately 50 submissions. Originally centered around research on knowledge representation and reasoning with conceptual graphs, over the years ICCS has broadened its scope to include innovations from a wider range of theories and related practices, among them other forms of graph-based formalisms like RDF or existential graphs, formal concept analysis, semantic Web technologies, ontologies, concept mapping and more.
In this paper we consider choice problems under the assumption that the preferences of the decision maker are expressed in the form of a parametric partial weak order without assuming the existence of any value function. We investigate both the sensitivity (stability) of each non-dominated solution with respect to the changes of parameters of this order, and the sensitivity of the set of non-dominated solutions as a whole to similar changes. We show that this type of sensitivity analysis can be performed by employing techniques of linear programming.