Book
Социальная история: ежегодник. 2012
The first in historiography research of the life and writings of an outstanding Russian educator, a close friend of Vladimir Lenin's father Ilya Ulyanov Alexander Alexeevich Krasev (1844-1921). It extends and corrects the conventional image of Krasev as presented in available literature.
The Soviet history corresponds in many respects to the global modernization processes, but it has the unique features of the Soviet society and ideology, that in a special way determined Soviet social policy. It is, characterized by the increasing state intervention into private sphere, the official control and family support, as well as the constant extension of incentives, the rising number of welfare recipients and the tendency towards a prevalence of social guarantees. It should be noted that there is a terminological problem in the discussion on about Soviet social policy: as it seems, the term ‘social policy’ was not used in Soviet historiography (as well as in other social sciences) until the 1960s. Thus, the discussion on about social problems was automatically moved to the question of ‘single difficulties’. Analyzing their evolution and dynamics as well as the ways of their solution became possible only within the context of criticism of western lifestyle and capitalist state policy. Among the most frequent notions close to the examined discursive field are care (zabota), work organization (organizaciya raboty), experience in work with delinquents, orphans, women and invalids (opyt raboty), state control (gosudarstvennij kontro) and popular control (narodnij control). Occasional publications using the term ‘social policy’ appeared since the end of 1970s, but only from the 1980’s on, the level of interest in those issues became extremely high. , Tthe term became more and more frequent within the context of description (quite often the laudatory one) and within the official announcements in respect of the improvement of well-being, the rapprochement of villages and towns and development of socialist living. The research on Soviet welfare 1945 – 1989 leads us, on the one hand to continuities reaching backwards to the prewar period, and to changes in social policy during the periods of Stalinism, ‘the thaw’ and ‘stagnation’, on the other hand. At the same time, the analysis highlights not mainly the evidence of horrors, but numerous antagonisms, lacunas and mechanisms that helped people to achieve a kind of inner freedom, to adjust numerous rules and regulations and to gain a certain level of social integration.
The article explores the 16-th century lawsuit in Paris University. If we look for the causes of future collisions in the 1586 court hearings, then we should speak more generally about the conflict between the Theology and Art Faculties, between the dean and the Rector, or between the Sorbonne and Navarra colleges. Latent rivalry, hitherto shadowed by struggle against the ‘common’ enemies, such as the Protestants, Jesuits, royal encroachments on academic privileges and property (such as Pré-aux-Clercs), the attempts to carry out a radical college reform, would boil over into an open conflict in the mid-17th century. Weapon in all these conflicts was University history. The author scrutinized the lawers’ arguments as the building materials for inventing traditions of Paris University.
This article is dedicated to Benjamin Rush,one of american Enlightmen of XVIII century.He was prominent physician («father of american phychiatry»),publisist,political figure and phylosopher. In his time Rush had no peer as a social reformer. Among many causes he championed were prison and judicial reform, abolition of slavery and death penalty, conservation of natural resources, education in USA and women's education.
The series of studies collected in theis book represent different approaches of their authors to the problem of privat life in the past.
The problem of bribery as well as protection in the course of the defense of a master's or doctoral thesis in Russian pre-revolutionary universities is discussed. Author lays special emphasis on legislative measures undertaken by the government and moves made by the scientific community in order to eliminate this negative issue.
Russian women of the nineteenth century are often thought of in their literary incarnations as the heroines of novels such as Anna Karenina and War and Peace. But their real counterparts are now becoming better understood as active contributors to Russia’s varied cultural landscape. This collection of essays examines the lives of women across Russia – from wealthy noblewomen in St Petersburg to desperately poor peasants in Siberia – discussing their interaction with the church and the law, and their rich contribution to music, art, literature and theatre. It shows how women struggled for greater autonomy and, both individually and collectively, developed a dynamic but often overlooked presence in Russia's culture and society during the long nineteenth century (1800-1917).
“Throughout human history, perhaps even pre-human, there has been a tension between the need for order and the forces that cause change. That tension is greater now than ever, because, in our increasingly globalized world, the rate of change is also increasing. This book finally explains how we can cope: we have stories. We live our narratives.” Brian Spooner, University of Pennsylvania, is editor of Globalization: The Crucial Phase and Literacy in the Persianate World: Writing and the Social Order "The idea that Axial Ages occurred, and that they provide warnings/opportunities for us today, seems both new and useful. But the value of this book is additional to this stance, in that it looks at cultural change - civilizations - from a complexity viewpoint. These changes are certainly complicated, but the pressures are interwoven and therefore need to be understood as complex. The book does a good job of explaining our present cultural difficulties - our prospective emergencies social, ecological and physical - in a wholly new way. Perhaps we'll get new answers..." Jack Cohen, evolutionary biologist, is co-author of The Collapse of Chaos, with Ian Steward. "This is a challenging and creative tour de force on comparative, global, world history and cross-cultural, complex societal dynamics. Without doubt one of the most stimulating works in the tradition of big history and macro analysis.” Claudio Cioffi-Revilla, George Mason University, is author of Power Laws in the Social Sciences: Discovering Non-equilibrium Dynamics in the Social Universe. “In this book, Dmitri Bondarenko (Russia) and Ken Baskin (USA) compare Modernity with the period historians know as the Axial Age (800-200 BCE) as times of transformation, responding to rapidly increasing social complexity. In doing so, they try to apply the experience of the earlier period, and the time of cultural achievement that followed it, to our time of ideological tension among civilizations. The great achievement of this relatively small book is the lucid way in which the co-authors present a picture of complex worldwide developments, based upon their mastery of recent and older literature, and their efforts to point to a way out of the hopelessly divided socio-political situation of today.” Henri J.M. Claessen, Emeritus Professor of Cultural Anthropology, Leiden University, is author of Structural Change; Evolution and Evolutionism in Cultural Anthropology. “With a lens of great magnification, the authors search through the intricacies of history, selecting its most important threads to weave together. What emerges is a rich tapestry in which the underlying trajectory of history, not clearly visible to the untutored eye, is brought boldly to the surface. And far from being couched in academic jargon—as one might have supposed—the book is a rare combination of brilliant analysis and beautifully crafted prose. Moreover, it ends on a hopeful note with the authors prescribing what they think societies must do if they are to confront and surmount the challenges that lie ahead.” Robert L. Carneiro, Curator Emeritus of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, is author of Evolutionism in Cultural Anthropology: A Critical History. "I find this a very insightful book, that will help readers to place current cultural developments within the framework of our common past, while contemplating what the future may bring." Fred Spier, University of Amsterdam, is President, International Big History Association, and author of Big History and the Future of Humanity.
The results of cross-cultural research of implicit theories of innovativeness among students and teachers, representatives of three ethnocultural groups: Russians, the people of the North Caucasus (Chechens and Ingushs) and Tuvinians (N=804) are presented. Intergroup differences in implicit theories of innovativeness are revealed: the ‘individual’ theories of innovativeness prevail among Russians and among the students, the ‘social’ theories of innovativeness are more expressed among respondents from the North Caucasus, Tuva and among the teachers. Using the structural equations modeling the universal model of values impact on implicit theories of innovativeness and attitudes towards innovations is constructed. Values of the Openness to changes and individual theories of innovativeness promote the positive relation to innovations. Results of research have shown that implicit theories of innovativeness differ in different cultures, and values make different impact on the attitudes towards innovations and innovative experience in different cultures.