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Социальные верования и гендерный эссенциализм как предикторы легитимизирующих гендерное неравенство установок
Even though Russia is considered to be a country with a very high level of human development, gender inequality and prejudice against women continue to persist. Research on prejudice is often built on the Duckitt's Dual-Process Motivational model, which conceptualizes social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism as mediators of the relationships between social beliefs (competitive and dangerous worldviews) and prejudice. This model has received empirical support in various cultural contexts, but in the context of gender relations it does not include other gender-specific beliefs, such as essentialism. The present study aims to examine the contribution of social beliefs and gender essentialism to prejudice against women via attitudes legitimizing inequality. 746 adult respondents from different Russian regions (48% women) aged from 18 to 79 years (M = 36.81, SD = 11.46) took part in an online study. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires measuring dangerous and competitive worldviews, gender essentialism, right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and ambivalent sexism. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) demonstrated satisfactory fit of the models to the data; mediation analysis showed that gender essentialism contributes to hostile sexism both directly and indirectly through social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism, and to benevolent sexism – through right-wing authoritarianism. Competitive worldview contributes to hostile sexism both directly and indirectly through social dominance orientation. The findings extend Duckitt's Dual-Process Motivational model and can be used to develop strategies to combat gender biases and prejudice.