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Сотрудничество в области безопасности ЕС и Латинской Америки: история и эволюция
Introduction. This article aims to analyze the process of security cooperation between the European Union and Latin American countries from the perspective of historical institutionalism and the methodological tools proposed by the Copenhagen School. The author covers the main stages of development of relations between these two regions, starting with early initiatives in the field of political and economic support and moving towards deeper cooperation in the field of security. Methods. The main theoretical and methodological support of this study is historical neoinstitutionalism, which focuses attention on the role of institutional choices made earlier in the historical past, i.e. “path dependence” principle. In addition, the work is subject to the conceptual apparatus and sectoral approach to security analysis, which was developed by the Copenhagen School. Analysis and results. In the historical context, three main stages can be distinguished in the development of relations between the EU and the countries of the LCA in the field of security. The first bipolar stage (1945–1991), characterized mainly by political and economic support from the United States and NATO as the main structure of regional security. Relations between the EU and the Latin American countries at this time were sporadic, largely complicated by multiple crises within Latin American countries. However, in the 1960s, relations in the field of economic cooperation and economic security began to be built between the regions. In the conditions of the second stage - post-bipolar (1991–2014) - the concept of strategic partnership begins to be actively developed between regions not only in the economic, but also in the political and military spheres. Also, the EU, trying to simultaneously institutionally build its own security policy and the European army, began to conduct peacekeeping operations during this period with varying success (since 2003). The current stage (from 2014 to present) is characterized by growing contradictions between Russia, Ukraine and the collective West, consolidated around the United States, as well as the destruction of the created post-bipolar regional security system. The LCA countries, which are afraid of being drawn into a conflict, are trying to develop their own course in the field of security policy.