Города азиатской Арктики в условиях новых вызовов изменений климата и пандемии Сovid-19

Научный вестник Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа. 2022. № 2. С. 114–140.

Пилясов А. Н., Zamyatina N., Polyachenko A., Никитин Б. В.

The aim of the study is to assess the strength of the emerging new threats to cities in the Asian Arctic and to determine the possible forms and directions of adaptation of the municipal economy to them. The novelty of the study is the special emphasis on cities in the Asian Arctic; joint consideration of contemporary challenges of natural and social instability for these cities; calculation of damage from degradation of urban permafrost through micro-indicators of the cost of apartment buildings and repairing works. The damage to six cities in the Arctic Asia from climatic changes causing the degradation of permafrost, through the loss of stability of apartment buildings and through the increase in the cost of repairs due to their frequency, is determined in the range from tens to the first hundreds of billions of rubles over the next decades. The total costs of cities in the Arctic Asia to combat the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 amount to tens of billions of rubles. The response of the cities of the Arctic Asia to new challenges includes determining the optimal degree of centralization of the urban heating system, a rational ratio between capital repairs and the construction of new housing stock, adaptation of the reserve capacities of the healthcare system in large cities in the Arctic Asia to the actual number of citizens, taking into account shift workers and business travellers.

Keywords: адаптация, изменение климата, ущерб, adaptation, damage, climate change, капитальный ремонт, permafrost, вечная мерзлота, COVID-19 pandemic, пандемия COVID-19, Arctic city, apartment buildings, major repairs, centralization of urban heating system, reserve capacities of social infrastructure, арктический город, многоквартирные здания