Авторитарность: опыт количественной оценки

Мониторинг общественного мнения: Экономические и социальные перемены. 1994. № 5. С. 20–22.

Urnov M.

The article describes a scale fit for evaluation of tendencies towards authoritarian ideologies. It is constructed on the basis of a system of alternative judgements fixing respondents' agreement by the following axes: collectivism/individualism; hostility/amicability of the surrounding world; equality of relationships with the surrounding world; inclination/opposition to acceptance of absolute authorities; negation/acceptance of universality of moral norms. Authoritarianism indices are presented, calculated for various social groups, proceeding from materials of two mass representative surveys conducted by VCIOM ('Culture', June 1992, and the monitoring, May 1994). The level of authoritarianism sufficiently depends on such factors as the age, education level, status of respondents, the form of propriety of organizations where they work, as well as the degree of adaptedness to the present socio-political situation, and ideological attitudes. Comparison of the two surveys has shown that at present the population of Russia is more strongly attracted by authoritarianisn than liberal notions. On the average in the sample, the correlation of 'authoritarian' and 'not authoritarian' was 3:2.

 

 

Keywords: демократия, политическое сознание, политический режим, политическая культура, individualism, индивидуализм, политическое поведение, autoritarian ideology, collectivism, hostility, amicability, quantity evaluation, авторитарная идеология, коллективизм, неприязнь, доброжелательность, количественные оценки, политический плюрализм, методика и техника политических исследований, политическая психология