Как в Южной Корее вспоминают восстание в Кванджу 18 мая 1980 года: политические коллизии вокруг практик коммеморации в XXI веке

Новая и новейшая история. 2021. № 2. С. 148–161.

Kim N.

Since 1997, South Korea has annually held commemoration ceremonies for the victims of the Gwangju Uprising that unfolded in the capital of South Cholla province from May 18 to 27, 1980. Beginning with peaceful demonstrations of Gwangju citizens against a state of emergency imposed by the military regime of Chung Doo-hwan throughout the country, the confrontation with the authorities turned into an armed clash with a regular army. Although the Gwangju Uprising was suppressed by the government, it had a huge impact on the further development of the democratization movement, which resulted in a peaceful transition from a military authoritarian regime to a democratic one in 1987. Maintaining the memory of the Gwangju Uprising is considered today an important state task, aimed at the formation of civil society institutions in South Korean society. However, different political groups have unambiguous views on May 18 Democratization Movement. The controversy between conservatives and liberal-progressive groups over the organization of the commemoration ceremonies of the Gwangju Uprising evidence different perceptions of the recent past, as well as how maintaining the memory of this past in proper form can influence the formation of national identity. If the political career of modern liberal-progressive politicians began with participation in the movement for democratization in the 1970s-1980s, then the conservatives are more connected with those parties and political forces that ruled in South Korea during the period of military authoritarianism. Revealing the truth about violations of civil rights and freedoms by the previous administrations is regarded by conservatives as a blow to their current reputation that can weaken their political position.

Keywords: historical memory, историческая память, политика памяти, Южная Корея, commemoration, коммеморации, South Korea, GWANGJU UPRISING, восстание в Кванджу

Publication based on the results of: Политика исторической памяти в Республике Корея в начале XXI в. (2019)