О временном применении международных договоров, разделении властей и демократической легитимности

Закон. 2020. № 9. С. 127–140.

Starzhenetsky V.

Provisional application of a treaty, which is subject to ratification, raises fundamental questions to constitutional systems in general, the principle of separation of powers and democratic legitimacy in particular. The assessment of the validity of a State's consent to be bound by provisional application of a treaty or parts of it should be based on the norms of the constitutional law of the State concerned. A different approach, when international law is interpreted in isolation from the domestic constitutional requirements, results in dysfunctional outcome and imputation of consent to the State bypassing the necessary constitutional procedures. In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the powers of the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation related to provisional application of treaties are not absolute. They should be exercised within limits provided by chapters first and second of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Decisions of fundamental importance, including transfer of some of the sovereign powers to the international level, creation of alternative to national courts dispute resolution procedures, expressing consent to the jurisdiction of international investment arbitration cannot not be made without ratification and legitimation by the legislative body of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: Договор к Энергетической хартии, международный инвестиционный арбитраж, Energy Charter Treaty, provisional application of international treaties, international investment arbitration, временное применение международного договора, соотношение национального и международного права, толкование международного договора, interpretation of international treaty, relation of municipal and international law