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Лексическая типология поля ‘менять’
The article introduces a thematic issue on the lexical typology of the semantic field ‘change’ and provides an overview of its structure and colexifi cation patterns.
The study uses a frame-based approach, under which lexical meanings are analyzed through sets of recurrent situations (frames). The core of this approach lies in investigating cross-linguistic variation by examining how languages lexicalize these situations.
Based on data from sixteen languages, we identify a set of semantic frames that structure the field, propose a semantic map reflecting the relationships among them, and suggest a preliminary typology of the systems within the field. We find substantial variation ranging from highly distributive systems, where different frames are expressed by distinct lexical items, to dominant systems characterized by a single highly general verb covering most or all of the semantic space. The study demonstrates that dominant systems are especially widespread in this field. We also find that the field is notable for abundance of loose colexifications, realized through derivationally related lexical items rather than through fully identical forms.
We suggest that the specific features of the field arise from the fact that its predicates constitute a special type of “underspecified” vocabulary where both the process / action itself and the result are left underspecified. So, while the taxonomic and topological properties of participants are important for the designation of physical actions and processes, the crucial parameters for the field of change are the set of participants itself, the (ir)reversibility of the change, and its planned / unplanned character. The field of change thus occupies an intermediate position between concrete and abstract lexical domains and is subject to regularities that have largely escaped the attention of lexical-typological studies.
The article also outlines prospects for future research on the vocabulary intermediate between concrete and abstract meanings and on the typology of loose colexification.