Семантическое поле ‘менять’ в карельском языке: есть ли влияние финского?

Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. Труды института лингвистических исследований. 2026. № 22. С. 284–307.

Копылова Е. В., Лапшина К. М.

The article presents a lexico-typological description of the verbs of change in Karelian within a frame-based approach. The data was gained from dictionaries and corpora or elicited from native speakers, including bilinguals with Finnish.
To reveal cross-linguistic influence, Karelian data is compared to Finnish within seven frames: Modification, Switching, Non-referential replacement, Referential replacement, Substitution, Compensation, and Exchange. As a result, semantic maps for different variants of Karelian are constructed.
The study shows that the actual distribution of lexemes with speakers differs markedly from the dictionary data. For example, the verb vaihtua expands into the Modification frame, so that the two lexemes, muuttua and vaihtua, are nearly synonymous in most contexts, their use depends mostly on the speaker’s preferences. At the same
time, the verb muuttua still does not cover the frames of Exchange and Compensation, which indicates their typological stability.
Finnish influence on Karelian is evident among bilingual speakers. They reject vaihtua in Modification contexts, reinstating a semantic opposition lost in the contemporary Karelian. This suggests that contact with a more conservative system can reintroduce eroded distinctions. The frame of Exchange remains stable across all systems, encoded by vaihtua or its Finnish cognate vaihtaa. Substitution and Compensation prove to be peripheral frames, since in some idiolects, especially among Finnish bilinguals, they are not covered by either verb. In Finnish, a special lexeme korvata is used in such contexts. Along with Finnish influence, the shift to a dominant system may result from general language attrition or contact with Russian, as it is the case in Khanty.
The study demonstrates that significant semantic oppositions can be traced through their resilience to borrowing and interference. Karelian thus offers a case of how internal semantic erosion and cross-linguistic influence interact in lexical restructuring.

Keywords: лексическая типология, Финский язык, фреймовый подход, frame-based approach, lexical typology, карельский язык, Finnish language, Karelian language, verbs of change, глаголы изменения