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Восстание декабристов и его этические следствия: уроки истории в русской мысли
The article examines one of the key problems of the philosophy of Russian history related to the assessment of the political and moral consequences of the Decembrist revolt of 1825. It is shown that the December conspiracy of the aristocracy destroyed the patriotic consensus between the government and society that had developed after the victory in the Patriotic War of 1812, which became a severe moral trauma for the educated class. The dramatic consequences of the clash within the Russian elite led to a transformation of public consciousness and largely determined the direction of development of Russian thought in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The article focuses on the discourse about the social ideal and the ways to achieve it, which is being built in Russian thought. The article analyzes two lines of interpretation of the logic of the historical movement of Russia. It is determined that the radical line, inspired by the ideals of the social revolution, which allowed the overthrow of the monarchical system and the assassination of the emperor as a necessary and morally justified element of the political struggle in the name of the highest ideals of freedom and justice, had its historical conclusion in the Bolshevik coup. At that time, the liberal-conservative line, which defended the values of the Russian Enlightenment and progressivism, turned out to be politically weak and At that time, the liberal-conservative line, which defended the values of the Russian Enlightenment and progressivism, turned out to be politically weak and could not resist the radicals. The thesis is put forward that the intellectual consequence of this ideological confrontation was the question of the moral and political responsibility of the educated class for the fate of Russia, which expressed the traumatic reaction of Russian thinkers to the events of the three revolutions of the early 20th century.