Организация оказания медицинской помощи по отказу от табака и никотина в субъектах Российской Федерации

Современные проблемы здравоохранения и медицинской статистики. 2025. № 2. С. 50–69.

Салагай О. О., Сахарова Г. М., Антонов Н. С., Stadnik N.

In order to achieve global goals to reduce tobacco/nicotine use, the package of effective tobacco control measures must include the provision of medical assistance to stop tobacco and nicotine use.

Purpose. To analyze the organization of medical care for tobacco/nicotine quitting in the Russian Federation (RF) in accordance with established regulatory legal acts in the field of protecting the health of citizens from ambient tobacco smoke, tobacco or nicotine-containing products.

Materials and methods. A request was sent to the heads of 89 state authorities of the constituent entities of RF in the field of health protection to provide information on the creation of medical care departments for tobacco cessation (Department): the number of Departments; medical organizations where Departments are created; the staff of Departments; information on the medical staff of Departments; information about the regulations according to which the Departments were created.

Results. In 82.2% of the subjects of RF, Departments were opened or medical workers of other specialties were involved, in 18.8%, medical assistance for quitting tobacco and nicotine is provided only in the network of drug treatment services. The largest shares of Department workers were internists (30.2%), psychiatrists and narcologists (18.2%). Paramedics and preventive medicine doctors accounted for the same proportion (10% each). Among all medical staff in Departments, only 26.0% underwent thematic improvement in the provision of medical care.

Conclusion. Improving the effectiveness of medical care should be associated with improving the interaction of preventive and curative units, introducing proper patient routing, developing additional professional education programs, and improving the system of statistical monitoring of the organization of this medical care.

Keywords: табак, потребление табака, отказ от табакокурения, nicotine, никотин, tobacco, tobacco consumption, поведенческие факторы риска, tobacco quitting