Тексты судебных приговоров как источник данных для эмпирических исследований права в России

Мониторинг общественного мнения: Экономические и социальные перемены. 2025. № 2. С. 170–192.

Zhuchkova S., Devyatnikov V., Kazun A., Белов М. Д., Сидорова О. И.

The development of empirical legal studies in Russia is restricted by the lack of sources of disaggregated data on law enforcement available to social researchers. One of the potential sources of such data, which is still insufficiently used in Russian research, is the publicly available texts of court verdicts, in particular court sentences. This article proposes a methodology for using the texts of court verdicts as a possible data source that may be of interest to sociologists conducting empirical research on law and law enforcement in Russia.

Based on their own experience of sentencing research, the authors describe possible options for the collection, preprocessing, and analysis of such texts using text-mining techniques. As an illustration, a recent study of gender differences in sentences for murder under Article 105 Part 1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is used. The discussion of the potential of using sentencing texts is complemented by an overview of alternative sources of judicial data available in Russia, as well as a reflection on the advantages and limitations of sentencing texts compared to other sources of legal information.

Keywords: судебная статистика, открытые данные, empirical legal studies, эмпирические исследования права, web scraping, веб-скрейпинг, text mining, law enforcement, text mining, open data, court verdicts, правоприменение, court statistics, тексты приговоров