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L'européanisme russe sous le prisme de l'instruction publique dans la Russie des XVIIIe-XIXe sciècles
From XVI - XVII centuries, modern European political philosophy put the State in the center of his investigations. The key-question raised in several works of the philosophers of modern Time until the XVIII century was the question about the State sovereignty. The XVIII century became a starting point in the philosophical tradition where the State was often considered from the point of view of his providential divinity or from the point of view of the general power which it represents. The novelty of the XVIII century consisted in the more definite pronunciation of the liberal requirement of the rational limitation of power of State by individual liberty. It is a question of putting the emphasis on modern subject of human rights, or natural rights. This evolution of political ideas in Europe influenced a lot the history of Russia who has been for the XVIII century in the course of hereuropeanization at political and cultural levels. In both domains, this transfer and the same expansion of European ideas and valuesto Russia brought in big conflicts inside which showed itself, on the one hand, in the opposition of the imperial ambition of the Russian State and of the strengthening of nationalism in the XIX century; and, on the other hand, in the opposition of universalism and of nationalism, as ethical and valuableprinciple, caused by cultural difference between Europe and Russia. In this article it is examined the reflexing of the Russian authors of XVIII-XIX centuries about the constitution of the best political regime and on his foundations, among which public education was considered as one of most important. Debates on the purposes of national public education, showed well the importance of the education of a new type of the personand of his training in compliance with new national purposes.