Экспериментально исследовались вольт-амперные характеристики тонких сверхпроводящих нанопроводов из титана. Наиболее тонкие образцы, измеряемые высокомными контактами, обнаружили нетривиальное для сверхпроводника поведение: кулоновскую блокаду. Величина кулоновской щели коррелирует с частотой квантовых проскальзываний фазы. Наблюдение подтверждает идентичность квантовой динамики заряда в джозефсоновских контактах и в квазиодномерных сверхпроводящих каналах в режиме квантовых флуктуаций параметра порядка.

The intercalation of H2O, CO2, and other fluid species in expandable clay minerals (smectites) may play a significant role in controlling the behavior of these species in geological C-sequestration and enhanced petroleum production and has been the subject of intensive study in recent years. This paper reports the results of a computational study of the effects of the properties of the charge balancing, exchangeable cations on H2O and CO2 intercalation in the smectite mineral, hectorite, in equilibrium with an H2O-saturated supercritical CO2 fluid under reservoir conditions using Grand Canonical Molecular Dynamics (GCMD) methods. The results show that the intercalation behavior is greatly different with cations with relatively low hydration energies and high affinities for CO2 (here Cs+) than with cations with higher hydration energies (here Ca2+). With Cs+, CO2 intercalation occurs in a 1-layer structure and does not require H2O intercalation, whereas with Ca2+ the presence of a sub-monolayer of H2O is required for CO2 intercalation. The computational results provide detailed structural, dynamical and energetic insight into the differences in intercalation behavior and are in excellent agreement with in situ experimental XRD, IR, quartz crystal microbalance, and NMR results for smectite materials obtained under reservoir conditions.