Консерватизм и фашизм в Европе 1920-1930-х годов

Тетради по консерватизму. 2024. № 3. С. 15–72.

Rutkevich A. M.

 The subject of the present article is the relationship between fascism and the monarchic conservatism, existing in the period between two World wars in continental European countries. As the case studies are taken the states, which are usually described as “Fascist regimes” of the 20th century: Italy, Germany, Portugal and Spain. Added to them are two special cases: Russian emigration, within which there were fascist and quasi-fascist parties, and “Vichi regime” in the occupied France of 1940-1944. In each of those cases the decisive role in the destiny of the regimes was plaid by the surviving conservative elites: in Nazi Germany they were nearly totally subjugated and gone under with the regime; in Italy they participated in overthrowing the regime; in Spain they overrode the fascist party themselves; and in Portugal there was no serious infl uence of fascism on them. After the Second World War such alliances became impossible simply because the monarchical conservatism itself inherited from the 19th century ceased to exist.

Keywords: революция, фашизм, консерватизм, монархия, неокорпоративное государство, контрреволюция, counterrevolution, Revolution, Fascism, Conservatism, Monarchy, Corporate State