Классификаторы инструментов технологической политики и их отражение в страновом опыте

Вопросы государственного и муниципального управления. 2024. № 4. С. 123–151.

Shashkov A., Malekova D. K., Veselitskaya N.

Modern technological policy plays a crucial role in stimulating economic growth and enhancing national competitiveness. However, the absence of  a  unified and systematic classification of technological policy instruments hinders a comprehensive and targeted approach to their utilization. It is hypothesized that existing classifiers do not fully capture the real experiences and potential applications of these instruments. This study conducts a critical analysis of current classifi cations based on the experiences of leading technological powers, including Russia, China, the United States, Japan and Republic of Korea. An additional foundation for examining classifi cation elements is the indicative approach, which plays a signifi cant role in implementing technological policy within theoretical frameworks of public administration, such as New Public Management and New Public Governance. The analysis reveals several shortcomings of existing classifi cations, including excessive simplifi cation, a multiplicity of classification criteria, insufficient detail on the instruments, and a lack of universality, which collectively impede a thorough understanding of diverse technological policy approaches. Consequently, this research aims to  develop a  new universal classification of  technological policy instruments that reflects their targeted nature, considers international experience, and exhibits a higher level of universality and systematicity. The development of this classification aims to improve the effectiveness of technological policy instrument application in achieving strategic development goals while creating a more transparent and comprehensible system for analyzing and evaluating the effectiveness of technological policies.

Keywords: новое государственное управление, new public management, Foresight Methods, technology policy, технологический Форсайт, технологическая политика, методы Форсайта, научно-технологическое прогнозирование, technology policy instruments, classifiers of technology policy instrument, scientific and technological foresight, new public governance, инструменты технологической политики, классификаторы инструментов технологической политики