Коллективная рыбалка с представителями коренных малочисленных народов Севера как легализация промысла некоренных сельских жителей в Приморском крае

Вестник археологии, антропологии и этнографии. 2024. № 2(65). С. 191–202.

Stalinov G., Солоненко Е. А.

Rural population who lives in the same natural and cultural landscape, and sometimes within the same village, are differentiated in their rights to access natural resources. People classified as indigenous population of the North, Siberia and the Far East (KMNS), unlike officially non-indigenous population, receive legal access to various biological resources. Positive discrimination of particular groups, for various reasons attributed to ‘more’ indigenous, has been causing controversy among anthropologists and sociologists for several decades, especially regarding the situation of non-indigenous residents of multi-ethnic rural areas who do not have the right of access to natural resources, while living in the same environment. In Russia, this problem is specifically relevant for the coastal regions of the Far East, where fish and salmon roe have been historically the most important resource of self-sustainment for both indigenous residents and resettlers. Using the example of one of the coastal areas of Primorsky Krai, where representatives of indigenous and non-indigenous peoples live alongside each other, we show how unequal distribution of rights to extract natural resources affects communication between them. Based on semi-structured interviews, informal conversations and observations collected during the field research, we have found that individual salmon fishing quotas are becoming a way to partially legalize informal fishing. Villagers go out fishing with their fellow villagers, and in case of the appearance of law enforcement agencies, fishermen from among KMNS take full responsibility for the catch and fishing gear on themselves. Regardless of nationality, rural residents consider it unfair that non-indigenous peoples, who live in the same natural and climatic conditions, and have similar to KMNS economy, have no rights to catch salmonids. Thus, against the background of allocation of quotas for salmonid catching only to indigenous fishermen, new practices of reproduction of solidarity and reciprocity are emerging in multiethnic rural communities.

Keywords: Дальний Восток, Приморский край, Far East Russia, коренные малочисленные народы Севера (КМНС), неформальное природопользование, КВОТЫ ДОБЫЧИ (ВЫЛОВ), indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Primorsky Krai, quotas for salmon fishing, informal nature use