Дореалогия: истоки и становление философии дара

Философия и культура. 2018. № 7. С. 51–58.

Prozumentik K. V.

This article is dedicated to the history of evolution of philosophy of the gift. The goal of this work is to trace how the topic of gift and reciprocity of gifts, formulated within the framework of ethnographic studies in the early XX century, eventually exceeded the limits of ethnography and social anthropology, and became the subject of philosophical reflection on the background of widely different intellectual traditions – from structuralism to post-phenomenology. The author demonstrated that the attempts to solve the “riddle of gift” lead to the emergence of a specific dorealogical pattern in the modern philosophy. The author comes to a conclusion that on evolutionary path of dorealogy, the philosophers proposed the four key interpretations of the gift: 1) the gift was discovered as an archaic, but at the same time the best and most preferable principle of organization of the public relations; 2) the gift was viewed as a source of the relations of power; 3) the experience of gift giving was associated with the procedure of mutual recognition between people; 4) the grounds have been detected for aligning the concepts of “gift” with suc important concept of phenomenology as “givenness”.

Keywords: reciprocity, дар, recognition, реципрокность, Жан-Люк Марион, gift, взаимность, признание, Поль Рикёр, данность, Жак Деррида, Georges Bataille, Marcel Mauss, Жорж Батай, Givenness, Jean-Luc Marion, Paul Ricœur, dorealogy, philosophy of gift, Marcel Hénaff, философия дара, дореалогия, Марсель Мосс, Марсель Энафф