Признание в социологии неравенства: обзор теоретических подходов

Социологическое обозрение. 2024. Т. 23. № 3. С. 354–374.

Kucheryavaya M.

Inequality remains one of the most fundamental problems of the modern world. Usually, inequality is examined through the prism of its economic causes and consequences. However, this logic excludes an important element from the explanatory model: in addition to economic barriers, inequality generates cultural obstacles. It creates gaps between people, forming often impenetrable boundaries between diferent social groups. Inequalities shaped by cultural diferences take rigid and enduring forms and are extremely difcult to eliminate. We will refer to such cultural processes of inequality associated with categorizing groups of people and assigning value to them as recognition. The study of recognition as a cultural mechanism of inequality has in recent years emerged as a signifcant frontier in contemporary sociology of inequality, and appears to be a critical element necessary for a comprehensive understanding of inequality processes. The purpose of this review is to show how the cultural dimension of inequality that we have identifed, which we will further refer to as recognition, is thematized in sociological studies of inequality and culture. We want to show that issues of respect and dignity have always been at the core of the conversation about inequality. Despite the abundance of relevant research, the concept of recognition remains problematic: it is overly eclectic and poorly grounded in sociological theory.

Keywords: культура, социология культуры, culture, справедливость, inequality, мораль, эмоции, justice, morality, неравенство, emotions, sociology of culture, признание, social recognition