Платформы, онлайн–рынки труда и краудсорсинг. Часть 1. Традиционные онлайн–рынки труда

Журнал Новой экономической ассоциации. 2023. Т. 60. № 3. С. 120–148.

Kazakova E., Sandomirskaia M., Suvorov A., Khazhgerieva A., Шавшин Р. К.

In this survey, we overview recent theoretical and empirical studies on online labor platforms and provide real life examples on how these markets function in Russia and worldwide. We discuss ways to classify online labor platforms. We concentrate on respective distinctive features of different categories of online and platforms and, due to their structural differences, justify the need for differential approach to such markets research and regulation. Online labor platforms have dual nature. On the one hand, such markets can be regarded as two-sided platforms. Therefore, one part of the survey discusses network effects, optimal pricing strategies (both at the deal and platform level), and matching. On the other hand, online labor platforms inherit specific features of traditional labor market. Accordingly, our study highlights the labor market perspective: discrimination, worker rights protection, information asymmetry, and the mechanisms to avoid it, here including reputation, among the examples. Our study highlights legal and economic features of online labor platforms that should be taken into account when designing related competition and regulation policy. Moreover, the study can benefit workers and employers in the online labor markets that look at maximizing their respective surpluses from using a platform.

Keywords: рынки труда, labor market, онлайн-платформы, online platforms