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Классификация ценных бумаг
Научно-образовательный портал «Большая российская энциклопедия», Россия. 2023.
Classification of securities, allocation of types of securities on the grounds that are important for determining their legal regime. Each type of securities has features associated with the rights to the paper and the rights arising from securities, the methods of their implementation, protection, etc.
Keywords: ценные бумагисекьюритизацияsecuritiessecuritizationроссийские ценные бумагигосударственные ценные бумагипредъявительские, ордерные и именные ценные бумагидолговые и долевые ценные бумагиэмиссионные ценные бумагиforeign securitiesвнешние ценные бумагидокументарные ценные бумагибездокументарные ценные бумагикорпоративные ценные бумагиclassification of securitiesdocumentary securitiesnon-documentary securitiesemission securitiesnon-emission securitiesregistered securitiesorder securitiesbearer securitiesdebt securitiesequity securitiespayment securitiestransferable securitiesderivative securitiesgovernment securitiescorporate securitiesRussian securitiesshort-term securitiesmedium-term securitieslong-term securitiesperpetual securitiessecured securitiesunsecured securitiesmortgage-backed securitiesasset-backed securitiesindividuals – investorsnon-qualified investorscommon securitiescomplicated securitiesqualified investorscomplex securitiesdomestic securitiesexternal securitiesклассификация ценных бумагнеэмиссионные ценные бумагидолговые ценные бумагиплатёжные ценные бумагитоварораспорядительные ценные бумагипроизводные ценные бумагииностранные ценные бумагикраткосрочные ценные бумагисреднесрочные ценные бумагидолгосрочные ценные бумагибессрочные ценные бумагиобеспеченные ценные бумагинеобеспеченные ценные бумагиипотечные ценные бумагиоблигации с залогом денежными требованиямифизические лица – инвесторынеквалифицированные инвесторыпростые ценные бумагиусложненные ценные бумагиквалифицированные инвесторысложные ценные бумагивнутренние ценные бумаги
Shaposhnikov S., Asia and Africa today 2025
Digital transformation of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in India is critical to enhancing competitiveness and improving economic performance. It also helps address unemployment and regional inequality. However, SMEs face financial constraints, a digital skills shortage, resistance to change, and cybersecurity challenges. The authors analyze the impact of government initiatives such as Digital India, CGTMSE, ...
Added: August 14, 2026
Bessonova E., Мякишева С. М., Новиков С. В., Вопросы экономики 2026 № 8 С. 95–124
This paper examines total factor productivity (TFP) dynamics among Russian enterprises from 2018 to 2024, using translogarithmic production function estimates for 290 industries. To address endogeneity and functional dependence issues, we employ the Ackerberg—Caves—Frazer methodology with a control function approach. Our findings reveal distinct sectoral patterns. In mining, both simple average and value-added-weighted TFP rose ...
Added: August 13, 2026
BRICS Journal of Economics 2026 Vol. 7 No. 2 P. 185–209
This study provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between trade and the environment in Singapore. It offers valuable insights into reconciling economic growth and environmental sustainability in this globally significant trade center and contributes significantly to policy formulation for trade-oriented economies. The paper examines empirical trends in trade openness, foreign direct investment (FDI), economic ...
Added: August 13, 2026
Gokhberg L., Kutsenko E., Lebedeva S. et al., М.: ИСИЭЗ ВШЭ, 2025.
This publication prepared by the Russian Cluster Observatory of the National Research University Higher School of Economics Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge is a followup of the 2021 publication dedicated to the statistical measurement of the creative economy of Moscow.
It provides the basic economic indicators of Moscow’s creative industries, assessment of the ...
Added: August 13, 2026
Bardin L., Юридический мир 2026 № 8 (356) С. 34–37
This article analyzes certain legislative provisions and scientific publications related to addressing risks associated with providing qualified legal assistance to organizations. Proposals are made for measures to prevent risks for both organizations and individuals providing legal assistance. A proposal is made regarding the need for a number of legislative amendments to minimize these risks. ...
Added: August 12, 2026
Evgeniia K., Cardoni A., Makeeva E. Y. et al., Business Strategy and the Environment 2026 P. 1–17
This study investigates the relevance of sustainable governance (SG) and its impactful elements in the context of the Russian market, a unique case of an isolated economy, using market value as a proxy for concept relevance. Adopting stakeholder and institutional approaches, this study uses panel data from 152 firms listed on the Moscow Exchange from ...
Added: August 12, 2026
Saraev V., Medovnikov D., Розмирович С. Д. et al., М.: Иннопрактика, 2020.
This report presents a brief summary of the results of a study devoted to the analysis of innovation practices in large Russian companies, their comparison with the most successful international experience, and the identification of opportunities to improve the effectiveness of innovation development tools. ...
Added: August 11, 2026
Rozhkova K., Roshchin S., Roshchina Y., Вопросы экономики 2026 № 8 С. 29–54
Стремительное развитие генеративного искусственного интеллекта (генИИ) усилило дискуссии о том, как новые технологии трансформируют рынок труда, особенно позиции и задачи, которые еще недавно мог выполнять только человек. Эксперименты показывают, что генеративный ИИ может обеспечить значительный прирост производительности, особенно менее квалифицированных сотрудников, что может приводить к возникновению индивидуальной зарплатной отдачи на рынке труда. Впервые для России ...
Added: August 11, 2026
Puchkov E., Knyaginina N., М.: Национальный исследовательский университет "Высшая школа экономики", 2026.
The report examines the ecosystem supporting the development of social entrepreneurship in Europe. It considers the historical evolution of the sector, the approaches adopted by the European Union and individual countries to defining and recognising social enterprises, and the differences between European and Russian models. Particular attention is paid to the role of social enterprises ...
Added: August 11, 2026
Междуреченск: Кузбасский государственный технический университет им. Т.Ф. Горбачева, 2026.
В сборнике представлены материалы докладов по направлениям Международной научно-практической конференции «Современные тенденции и инновации в науке и производстве»: 1. Технологии и инновации в горной промышленности; 2. Экономика, управление, финансы; 3. Информационные системы и технологии; 4. Юный исследователь. Целью этой конференции является обмен передовым опытом, повышения квалификации их участников и, вместе с тем, это способ установления и укрепления научного сотрудничества среди ...
Added: August 11, 2026
Fedyunina A., Drapkin I. M., Simachev Y. V., Area Development and Policy 2026
Trade sanctions generate asymmetric shocks in developing economies, reshaping their integration into global value chains (GVCs). Using a gravity framework covering 68 developing countries over the period 2000–2021, this paper examines how sanctions affect forward and backward GVC linkages. We find that sanctions significantly reduce both dimensions of GVC participation: backward linkages suffer deeper and ...
Added: August 10, 2026
Романюк В. И., Сравнительное конституционное обозрение 2026 Т. 35 № 2 (167) С. 164–183
The author proceeds from the thesis that anti-corruption lawsuit nowadays is becoming the most effective and, at the same time, the least developed legal means of combating corruption offenses and minimizing the impact of such offenses. According to legal scholarship and practical experience, two approaches to determining the legal nature of the so-called civil confscation ...
Added: August 10, 2026
Романюк В. И., Российское право: образование, практика, наука 2025 № 5 С. 53–63
The question of applicability of immunity from enforcement in cases of prosecutor filing an anti-corruption claim is related, on the one hand, to the very nature of such a claim as a means of minimizing the consequences of corrupt behavior, and, on the other, to the origin of the possessions seized in this case. Taking ...
Added: August 10, 2026
Bereznoy A., Мировая экономика и международные отношения 2026 Т. 70 № 8 С. 16–26
Facing the growing uncertainty of the current global business environment leading multinationals are increasingly turning to strategic foresight (SF) which becomes the integral component of their corporate strategic management systems. The distinctive feature of SF is related to the recognition of multiple futures and the abilities of major market players to influence the occurrence of ...
Added: August 10, 2026
Argunov A., РГУП им. В.М. Лебедева, 2026.
This collection comprises articles based on papers presented at the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the 95th anniversary of the birth of R. F. Kallistratova. The conference was organized by the Department of Civil and Administrative Proceedings of the V. M. Lebedev Russian State University of Justice and took place on October 25, ...
Added: August 10, 2026
Argunov A., Арбитражный и гражданский процесс 2026 № 6 С. 44–48
This article examines methodological approaches to studying the principles of civil procedure. Formal dogmatic and natural law approaches are distinguished. Within the formal dogmatic approach, legalistic and sociological-legal approaches to studying principles are distinguished. The shortcomings of the dominant legalistic approach are highlighted, and arguments are presented to support the thesis that using sociological and ...
Added: August 10, 2026
Potanin B., Statistics and Computing 2026 Vol. 36 Article 200
We propose double machine learning (DML) estimators for a partially linear model (PLM) with endogenous treatments and multivariate sample selection. We prove asymptotic normality of the estimators under mild regularity conditions and study finite sample properties on simulated data. The results demonstrate the importance of addressing sample selection in PLMs and the usefulness of the ...
Added: August 8, 2026
Papushina I. O., Shenkman E., Социологические исследования 2026 № 7 С. 31–43
The external shocks of 2022 have altered the operating environment for Russian
companies and the demand for skilled workers. This study examines how demand has responded for
different categories of professionals in the fashion industry, where the departure of international brands
has simultaneously increased uncertainty and opened up market niches for Russian manufacturers.
The empirical basis of the research ...
Added: August 7, 2026
Tsurlui O., Lex Russica (Русский закон) 2026 № 6 С. 125–136
Предупреждение совершения преступлений вошло в предметную область криминалистики спустя время после ее становления как самостоятельной науки. На протяжении всего развития науки криминалистики профилактика совершения преступлений неоднократно включалась и исключалась из предмета криминалистики. Неравномерное историческое развитие криминалистической профилактики требует своего осмысления для понимания ее роли в настоящий период и перспектив развития. История возникновения криминалистической профилактики в предметной ...
Added: August 6, 2026
Klementiev A., Московский журнал международного права 2026 № 2 С. 190–202
INTRODUCTION. Concepts such as “harmonization” and “unification” are currently widely used in the legal field as methods for harmonizing legal regulation. Unlike domestic harmonization and unification, international legal convergence aims to eliminate contradictions in the laws of different states. The implementation of transnational harmonization and unification projects has been greatly facilitated by the activities of international ...
Added: July 30, 2026
Vagin S., Муниципалитет: экономика и управление 2026 № 2 С. 28–42
Introduction. This study summarizes theoretical material characterizing the role of exchanges in regional capital formation, identifies key problems, and proposes development directions. Stock exchanges act as arteries through which capital continuously circulates between various economic sectors and countries, creating an environment for the efficient allocation of financial resources.
In this article, we examined the structure of ...
Added: July 29, 2026
Makarov I. A., Chistikova A., , in: Climate Change, National Security and Geopolitics: Strategies and Responses of Five Major Powers.: NY: Routledge, 2026. Ch. 5 P. 82–102.
This chapter describes climate security discourse and practices developing in Russia for the last decade. It reveals that, while Russia faces severe physical risks from climate change, climate change is scarcely perceived as an existential threat among key decision-makers and the population. The country’s climate policies are more focused on adaptation, while its mitigation policy ...
Added: May 25, 2026
Goryushina E., Осмаев А. Д., Электронный научно-образовательный журнал "История" 2026
Статья предлагает критический анализ формирования и эволюции метанарратива о «воинственной Чечне» как устойчивой рамки российской политики памяти и имперского воображения в долгой исторической перспективе (longue durée). На материале административно-военного письма Российской империи, литературного канона XIX века, советских нормативных актов и репрезентаций (включая депортацию 1944 года и реабилитацию 1957 года), а также постсоветской государственной риторики и ...
Added: March 24, 2026
Рябов О. В., Рябова Т. Б., Вестник Пермского университета. Серия: Политология 2024 № 4 С. 173–183
The article is the first to address the discourse of age as a resource for constructing the image of the enemy. It is based on the Russian government's official statements, politicians' comments and the country's leading media sources, as well the authors' sociological research. The first part of the paper examines approaches to the analysis ...
Added: January 27, 2026