Концепция мессианского времени у Вальтера Беньямина и ее политические импликации

Социологическое обозрение. 2023. Т. 22. № 1. С. 29–47.

Inshakov I.

Despite Benjamin's "renaissance" in contemporary research literature, the meaning of the concept of Jetztzeit ("Now-time"), one of his key political and philosophical concepts, remains very vague, largely due to the tendency of researchers to follow the narrative and metaphorical style of Benjamin. The author of this article purposely uses a strict analytical approach to capture the key characteristics of the concept and their relationship to each other. To do this, in the first part of the article, the concept is analyzed through the prism of the related concepts of "messianic time" and "kairos time". In the second part, the author traces the possible political implications of different interpretations of the concept itself and its connection with Benjamin's concept of "divine violence", showing that different interpretations lead to diametrically opposite perseptions of Benjamin's position, from a supporter of "pure criticism" to an activist of "direct actions". In conclusion, the significant role of the Benjamin project as an alternative to the "mainstream" of the Frankfurt School (Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer) is pointed out in the context of today's prospects for the revival of the Marxist political utopia.

Keywords: утопия, utopia, кайрос, Giorgio Agamben, Джорджо Агамбен, kairos, Walter Benjamin, Вальтер Беньямин, messianic time, divine violence, мессианское время, божественное насилие