Проблема понимания в русском идеализме конца XIX - начала XX века: В.С. Соловьев и С.Н. Трубецкой

Философские науки. 2020. Т. 63. № 12. С. 102–120.

Glebov O.

The paper examines the doctrine of understanding in Russian idealism
from the late 19th to early 20th century. The author discusses the main on-
tological and epistemological concepts in the philosophy of V.S. Solovyov
and his follower S.N. Trubetskoy. The paper offers a historical and philo-
sophical reconstruction of the concept of understanding based on the analy-
sis of V.S. Solovyov’s Lectures on Divine humanity and S.N. Trubetskoy’s
work On the Nature of human Consciousness. According to Solovyov, the
study of understanding is possible if we presume an unconditional principle
that premises being as the One. Based on this premise, it is demonstrated
that the unconditional principle allows to know everything without having
knowledge of each subject separately, and this, in turn, is understanding
process. Trubetskoy’s theory of understanding is premised on the concept
of soborny (gathered) mind, which defines mind as joint knowledge about
all spheres of existence. The article shows that the main position shared
by the Russian thinkers is the unconditional principle serving as the ba-
sis for life and mind without which the existence of either the universal or
the particular is impossible. The author concludes that such a principle is
a cognitive relation to the world, which unconditionality is the condition
for understanding the reality as indivisible. Understanding, as presented by
V.S. Solovyov and S.N. Trubetskoy, is the true understanding of the unity of
existence in all its manifestations, that is, a synthesis of the sensual, rational,
moral, and aesthetic

Keywords: онтология, сознание, теория познания, религиозная философия, русская философия, антиномичность, theory of knowledge, Russian philosophy, Russian religious philosophy, всеединство, Consciousness, all-unity, Ontology, antinomity