МИФОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ СОЗНАНИЕ В ТЕОРИЯХ СОВЕТСКОЙ ФИЛОСОФИИ

Вестник Московского государственного университета культуры и искусств. 2020. Т. 97. № 5. С. 6–17.

Klimova S.

The article considers some trends in Soviet philosophy, which studied myth and mythological
consciousness in 1950–70th. Their connection with European myth theories, in particular with French structuralism and German symbolism, is revealed. The conceptions of Aleksei Losev and Mikhail
А. Lifshits demonstrate two ways of describing myth in Soviet philosophy of consciousness. A deep
connection between Losev’s theory of myth and the ideas of the Silver Age is traced, in particular,
with V. B. Shklovsky’s method of distancing. Myth and distancing remove the “cultural-symbolic
content of the world”, focusing on the form that represents it, and seeking to restore to man the sense of
authenticity of the world. The formalists’ method of distancing and Losev’s concept of myth treat text
as a representative of reality, thus anticipating the post-structuralist attitude of the late 20th century.
A different approach is demonstrated by the aesthetic theory of Mikhail А. Lifshits. For him, as well as
for Losev, it is important to discover logic (logomiphy) behind the seemingly nonsense of mythology and
to reveal the objective truth of myth. Creating his own myth theory, Lifshits always keeps in mind the
apology of the “high” Soviet myth of communism.

Keywords: миф, myth, остранение, Виктор Шкловский, А.Ф. Лосев, logomythia, логомифия, Viktor Shklovsky, A. F. Losev, ostranenie