«Я рассказываю о событиях и приготовляю из себя... препарат»: русские формалисты между биографическим опытом и литературной теорией

Новое литературное обозрение. 2025. № 192. С. 122–134.

Попов С. Д.

As early as the early twenties, the Russian Formalists began to discover ways to describe literary production within the context of various social, economic and institutional factors. However, the Formalists did not use the analytical potential of this discovery only at the level of literary history or literary criticism. In asociological vein the Formalists, especially Boris Eikhenbaum (Moy Vremennik) and Viktor Shklovsky (Tret’ya Fabrika), tried to evaluate their own biography. Formalists attempted to describe not individual psychological or existential experiences, but the logic that stood behind their social actions and social behavior. In this way, they changed the genre features of autobiographical writing and also provi ded an example of successful convergence of literary and theoretical discourses. A “side effect” of the act of rereading the biography was a more general trans formation of the Formalists’ approaches to literary history.

Keywords: автобиографическое письмо, травма, Борис Эйхенбаум, Литературный быт, Виктор Шкловский, гегемония, социология литературы