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Медицинская маска как средство индивидуальной и коллективной защиты в условиях пандемии COVID-19 74 (кросс-культурные аспекты)
Using of medical mask is one of the preventive measures to limit the spread of respiratory infections, including COVID-19. The frequency of use of the mask in each country depends on many factors – epidemiological experience, cultural norms and attitudes, economic and political conditions, degree of public awareness, etc. The purpose of this study is to research of the first reaction of the population in different countries to prescriptions or recommendations authorities to use medical masks as personal protection during COVID-19. We used methods of semi-structured in-depth interviews, questionnaires, photo-fixation of elements of people's behavior in a pandemic, content analysis of the media. In total, 366 questionnaires were collected (51 males and 315 females) among Russian-speaking people, at the time of the outbreak and distribution of COVID-19 living or staying in other countries, as well as Russians from different regions of Russia since March 23 to April 10, 2020. An analysis of the data showed that the frequency of use of the masks depends on such parameters as the country of residence of the respondent, gender, social distance and trust in the authorities. The results of the study demonstrate the effect of official decisions on the real behavior of people - with more serious measures on the part of the government, people are more responsible about preventive measures and implement them better. The interpretation of the results is considered by the anthropological point of view according to the classification of cultures “Individualism-Collectivism”. These results are the first step the study during the introduction of the first restrictions and display the first stage of the reaction of the population to the restrictions taken. Knowledge of the socio-cultural and ethnic characteristics of the perception and implementation by the population of sanitary-hygienic prescriptions can be used in choosing the most optimal forms of warning and developing effective and efficient methods for encouraging them to be executed by the population.