Проблема выбора вида основы при префиксации: некоторые соображения

Известия РАН. Серия литературы и языка. 2020. Т. 79. № 3. С. 49–62.

Letuchiy A.

The article focuses on the choice of verbal stem (perfective vs. imperfective) for prefixation. Although some tendencies have been described in existing work (for instance, the fact that lexical prefixes very often choose the perfective stem, while this is not true for supralexical prefixes), I show that many cases of stem choice cannot be explained by the opposition of lexical vs. supralexical prefixes. For instance, the verb prygat’ / prygnut’ ‘jump’ behaves differently with different lexical prefixes: with s-, only the perfective stem is possible (*sprygat’ / sprygnut’ ‘jump down from’), while with do-, either stem can be chosen (doprygat’ / doprygnut’ ‘reach something jumping’). In some pairs of verbs with similar meaning and similar stem relation, two lexemes behave not identically (cf. rastolkát’ ‘push to different directions’ vs. *razdvígat’ ‘move in different directions’). Many lexical prohibitions on one or another stem do not have an obvious explanation (here belongs the verb brosit’ / brosat’ ‘throw’, which can combine with the prefix vy- only in the perfective form, cf. výbrosit’ ‘throw out’ vs. *výbrosat’ ‘throw out’). I conclude that several parameters are responsible for the choice of the stem, such as 1) formal correlation of the basic verb stems; 2) meaning of the prefix; 3) meaning of the base and derived verbs.

Keywords: aspect, вид глагола, глаголы движения, префиксация, motion verbs, видовая основа, stem, prefixation, lexical prefixes, supralexical prefixes, лексические префиксы, супралексические префиксы, моторно-кратные глаголы, моторно-некратные глаголы