Конкуренция стратегий релятивизации в русском языке: клаузы с союзным словом который vs. причастные обороты

Вестник Московского университета. Серия 9: Филология. 2020. № 2. С. 38–53.

Orlov A., Leontieva A.

There are two common relativization strategies in the Russian language: relativization with a relative pronoun kotoryj (roughly translatable to English that) and relativization with a participle. Even though these two constructions do not show signifi cant diff erence in meaning, they are not fully interchangeable. The Russian language has several documented contexts (also known as “factors”) which make one of the strategies more likely to appear in a sentence with the factor. These factors are not bound to each other. Therefore, they can appear in various combinations, including the cases when within one sentence there are two diff erent factors which trigger two diff erent strategies. We show that in such cases, relativization strategy will not be chosen randomly. There is a special confl ict-solving algorithm which we display as a result of our psycholinguistic experiment. In this experiment the respondents were to fi ll the gaps in the sentences with various factors combinations, using relative constructions. The analysis of how the ratio of the two strategies changed in the respondents’ answers depending on the factors present in the sentence confi rmed the hypothesis that the factors analyzed are ranked according to their importance for the choice of the strategy. The speaker, who is to make a choice between kotoryj and a participle, will not look for all the factors listed in this work at the same time. At every stage of the algorithm s/he will try to identify in the sentence one of the discussed factors, starting from the most important one and going down the ranks. When such a factor is found, one of the two relative strategies will be chosen and the algorithm will be stopped, even if some other, less important factors are yet unidentifi ed in the sentence.

Keywords: русский язык, Russian language, причастие, relativization, релятивизация, participle, kotoryj, который