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"Вот розмарин: это для памяти": к вопросу о плацебо-эффектах в тестах рабочей памяти и внимания
A placebo effect occurs when the outcome of a participant's expectations change caused by either tablet intake or cognitive training. Placebo effects can cause improvement in cognitive test results including attention and working memory tests. Research shows that attention is used to maintain information in working memory. This study tested the hypothesis that placebo intake can affect attention span and cause temporary improvement of working memory as compared with a control group, if the participants in the experimental group are told they are taking a memory-improving pill. We analyzed how placebo affects working memory and attention and whether these effects are related. Trend level differences were found at the repeated performance of the Bourdon test: the experimental group had a tendency for improvement while the control group tended toward deterioration. No other significant differences were found, probably due to the small sample size.