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Мозговые корреляты удержания и обновления материала в рабочей памяти: фМРТ-исследование здорового старения с помощью эквивалентных вербальных и невербальных задач
Working memory (WM) is a system for the short-term storage and processing of a limited amount of information required for a current cognitive activity. WM largely determines a person's cognitive abilities throughout life and has been shown to decline with aging. This decline affects WM updating to a greater degree than maintenance and is more pronounced for non-verbal versus verbal material. At present, relatively little is known about the brain mechanisms underlying these age-related changes, partly due to the difficulties in relating psychological and neurophysiological models of WM. We present fMRI data obtained from sixteen individuals from a healthy aging group (ages 60 - 75) and 16 healthy young volunteers (ages 18 - 35) who performed equivalent verbal and non-verbal versions of the Sternberg task (assessing maintenance) and the N-back task (assessing WM updating) previously developed by our group. The pattern of behavioral results (accuracy and response time) was generally consistent with the existing literature. The fMRI data demonstrated differences between verbal and non-verbal tasks mainly for maintenance but not for updating, in both age groups. Age-related differences in brain activation were revealed for both processes.
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