Внутренняя политика Китая в области привлечения высококвалифицированных кадров из-за рубежа

Мировая экономика и международные отношения. 2018. Т. 62. № 10. С. 13–21.

Veselova L. S., Лебединцева Л. А.

The main point of paper is that China's rapid economic development, which began in 1970s, had a positive and negative impact on the development of leaders and talents in Chinese companies. Despite the fact, that China is a developing economy with a large population, it also lacks labor. On the one hand, the rapid growth of the companies helped qualified specialists quickly occupy leading positions, but, on the other hand, companies faced the problem of finding qualified managers. Companies began to realize that short-term tasks run counter to the long-term goals of talent development, so they began to look for ways to search for the talents from outside. At the present moment main priority of the Chinese employment policy is returning highly qualified specialists who have received education abroad. According to statistics, from 1998 to 2008, the number of students returning to China reached 370 thousand, since 2000 their number has increased every year by 13%, and in 2008 reached 57,5% of the total number of people who went abroad to study. The Chinese government provide material support to the returned Chinese talents. For example, in 1992 the State Natural Science Foundation of China established a special fund that provides short-term financial support to students who received education abroad and returned to China. In 2008 was established the first venture fund, which supported the projects of Chinese students returning from abroad. Basically, investment goes to such areas as biotechnology, the IT and high technology enterprises that can replace heavy industry and bring China to a new level. Despite the large number of advantages that talents can receive by returning to China, there are a number of reasons why many of them do not want to return. The conclusion is that the general reasons are low living standards of the population, the large gap between social strata, a bad ecological situation, etc.

 

Keywords: рынок труда, Китай, китайская экономика, развитие талантов, высококвалифицированные специалисты, менеджмент талантов, МНК