Формирование Китаем технологического суверенитета в области «физического ИИ»: кейс промышленной робототехники

Пространственная экономика. 2026. Т. 22. № 3. С. 73–103.

Klochko O., Кузнецова М. П.

The article assesses China’s technological sovereignty in high-tech industries that form the ecosystem of physical artificial intelligence and its readiness to develop intelligent robotics. The aim of the study is to identify changes in China’s position in the global value chains of these industries through a comprehensive analysis of foreign value added used in production, including its sectoral and regional structure. The methodological framework comprises an analysis of the Backward Participation Index based on the OECD TiVA database for 2008–2022, a comparison of foreign trade indicators from Trade Map for 2008–2025, and an analysis of China’s position in the global industrial robotics market. The study covers electronics, electrical equipment, machinery, telecommunications, software, information services, and scientific and technical activities. It finds that China has significantly reduced its dependence on foreign value added across all examined industries by diversifying supplies and strengthening its position in the production of key components. The number of product categories in which China is a net importer has decreased substantially. Advanced semiconductors and semiconductor manufacturing equipment remain the most vulnerable links. In industrial robotics, China has become the world’s largest market and is expanding domestic production; in 2024, Chinese companies accounted for more than half of domestic sales. In the humanoid robotics segment, China has established a production ecosystem supported by government policies and domestic demand. The findings can be applied to assess technological resilience and the prospects for developing physical AI amid global technological decoupling. The study concludes that China is advancing toward technological sovereignty while remaining dependent on certain advanced technologies.

Keywords: Китай, импортозамещение, искусственный интеллект, China, технологическая зависимость, глобальные цепочки стоимости, import substitution, промышленная робототехника, Humanoid Robots, Industrial robotics, технологический суверенитет, technological sovereignty, artificial intelligence, global value chains, technological dependence, physical artificial intelligence, гуманоидные роботы, физический искусственный интеллект