Эволюция правового статуса российского дипломатического представительства в Крымском ханстве (1750-е – начало 1780-х гг.)

Крымское историческое обозрение. 2018. № 2. С. 70–90.

Pochekaev R. Y.

The article is a study of legal status of the Russian diplomatic representatives a long time Russian State (Empire since the beginning of the 18th c.) kept in touch with the Crimea through irregular embassies and other temporary diplomatic missions. In 1740s the question on establishment of permanent Russian representative in the Khanate was put before authorities of the Crimea and Ottoman Empire. But uncertainty of status of the Crimean Khanate in the Russian-Crimean and Russian-Ottoman relations caused retardation in solution of this question, different ideas on status, goals and objectives of this mission (which in different times was supposed to be a plenipotentiary, consul, resident, ambassador, etc.). The position of the Crimean Khanate on the Russian diplomatic representative in many respects depended on personal qualities of certain Khan, format of relations of the Khanatewith the Ottoman Empire, specifi c features of the Russian-Ottoman relations, etc. Nevertheless, such permanent Russian diplomatic mission was established at the end of 1750s and, with several interruptions, worked until the end of existence of the Crimean Khanate in 1783. The different status of Russian diplomatic representatives (consul in 1760s, resident in 1771–1774, 1777–1780 and 1782–1783, extraordinary and plenipotentiary ambassador and minister in 1780–1782) refl ected a change of the Khanate in view of the Russian imperial authorities. At the same time the work of this representative became an effective instrument of infl uence on the Russian-Crimean relations and even on the internal policy of the Khanate.

Keywords: суверенитет, Russian Empire, Российская империя, Османская империя, sovereignty, vassalage, вассалитет, Ottoman Empire, resident, крымское ханство, консульские учреждения, резидент, Crimean Khanate, consultation institution