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Кому принадлежит повестка дня? Обзор теории issue ownership
The article systematizes the main provisions of issue ownership theory, according to which politicians and parties closely associated with important issues and perceived as being able to solve them most effectively, receive greater support of population. This theory has gained popularity in recent years. However, the definition of issue ownership and its measurement still causes disagreement among researchers. The stability of the phenomenon in time continues to be discussed, as well as the possibility of its application not only to political parties, but also to individual politicians. Researchers distinguish two types of issue ownership: competence (confidence in the ability of a political actor to solve problem) and associative (spontaneous identification of a political actor with issue). These "forms of ownership" on the agenda is measured using various questions. It creates difficulties in comparation the results of studies carried out in line with this theory. Issue ownership plays significant role in the political struggle and can contribute to the victory of the candidate (or party) in elections. This situation stimulates politicians to "capture" the most advantageous issues. However, political actors have unequal opportunities for this. The advantage is enjoyed by parties that are currently in power. In addition, the effect of issue ownership for the authorities and the opposition can be different. Opposition benefits from the media attention to the issues associated with it, but does not lose significantly due to active discussion of the issues that the ruling party owns. While authorities lose their votes when the news covers the issues that the opposition owns.