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Образ «Дархана / Кузнеца» в бурятской культуре (психолингвистическое значение)
The article is devoted to the analysis of the associative field “Darkhan / Smith” in language consciousness of Buryat people. Data for the analysis are the results of associative experiment, one of research methods of language consciousness, which gives possibility to reveal systemacity of maintenance of an image of the consciousness standing behind the word in culture, its ethnocultural specifics. With the leading role of Russian language of communication in the Republic of Buryatia it was interested to find out the common and specific features in the image “Darkhan” in language consciousness of bilingual buryat people and of the Buryat with Russian as a native language. An associative reactions classification "a semantic Gestalt" of Yu. N. Karaulov is used for the analysis, which reflects internal semantic the organization of the associative field and characterizes the field as full unit of knowledge of the world.
The article deals with the analysis of lexicographic word meaning ”Darkhan / Smith”. Data of the Buryat-Russian dictionaries of S. M. Babushkin, L.D.Shagdarov and K. M. Cheremisov are attracted for the analysis, which are the most unabridged editions nowdays. In this work functioning of dictionary word meanings “Darkhan” in language consciousness the Buryat bilingual people and the Buryat with native Russian is revealed.
Psycholinguistic and lexicography word meaning “Darkhan / Smith” are considered in the article. The psycholinguistic word meaning (term of I.A Sternin and A.V.Rudakova) is understood as the ordered unity of all semantic components which staticizes separately the taken floor in consciousness of native speakers, this real word meaning functioning in language consciousness of native speakers. As a result of the carried-out analysis it is established that the psycholinguistic word meaning isn't always wider, than lexicographic, recorded in explanatory dictionaries, as it is said by I.A Sternin and A.V.Rudakova. The word meaning “Darkhan” in the Buryat culture is narrowed. One of the reasons of this process is a weak position of the Buryat language as daily main language of communication in the Republic of Buryatia. Now the first dictionary word meaning “Darkhan” – “the smith, the handicraftsman, the master working with metal, weapon, and also with gold” functions in language consciousness of the Buryat. The Buryat bilingual people have the meaning “the carpenter, the joiner, the builder worked with the stone and the tree”. But the word meaning “the chaser, the master in silver, the woodcarver” it isn't revealed at one of groups.