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«Spandrels…» Гулда и Левонтина и критика адаптационизма
Вестник Московского университета. Серия 7: Философия. 2015. № 3. С. 3–18.
Kuzin I.
The commented famous work by S.J. Gould and R.C. Lewontin is crucial not only to sociobiology critique but to polemics on evolutionary theory in general. Reflection provoked by Gould and Lewontin’s paper in the field of philosophy of biology enables to clarify the relation between the adaptationist program and biological reductionism.
Research target:
Sociology (including Demography and Anthropology
Earth Sciences
Biology
Philosophy, Ethics, and Religious Studies
Priority areas:
humanitarian
Language:
Russian
Keywords: адаптациярефлексияadaptationreductionismредукционизмreflectionтеория эволюцииphilosophy of biologyфилософия биологиисоциобиологияmodularityevolutionary theorysociobiologyмодулярностьadaptationismR. Dawkinsnatural kindsS.J. GouldR.C. Lewontinextended evolutionary synthesisspandrelsE.O. WilsonадаптационизмР. Докинзестественные видыС.Дж. ГулдР.Ч. Левонтинрасширенный эволюционный синтезспандрелыЭ.О. Уилсон
Горюнов И. О., Dorofeeva Z., Социологический журнал 2026 Т. 32 № 3 С. 55–77
В статье анализируются динамика и особенности социально-экономического статуса интернет-пользователей в России в период с 2003 по 2024 г. на основе данных РМЭЗ НИУ ВШЭ. Цель исследования — оценка, в какой степени конкретные показатели социально-экономического статуса объясняют использование Интернета индивидом, а также того, как эта взаимосвязь менялась за рассматриваемый период. Для целей исследования интернет-пользователи были разделены ...
Added: October 13, 2026
Zhukova O., Вопросы философии (Российская Федерация) 2026 № 10 С. 214–222
The article is devoted to current discussions in the field of Russian religious philosophy research and teaching practices in Russian state and confessional universities. It summarizes the discussion of theoretical and practical aspects of studying Russia’s philosophical heritage and its tradition of religious thought, which were discussed at the Round table “Russian Religious Thought in ...
Added: October 13, 2026
Батова О. Н., Савинецкая Л. Е., Проявка С. В. et al., Nature Conservation Research. Заповедная наука 2026 Т. 11 № 4 С. 25–39
Spermophilus suslicus is a threatened species listed in Red Data Books at all levels (from regional Red Data
Books to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species), and it currently requires special conservation activity.
Over the past 30–50 years, its range has changed from continuous to mosaic, and its population has declined
everywhere. In 2015, in Russia experimental ...
Added: October 13, 2026
Katchanov Y. L., Социологическое обозрение 2026 Т. 25 № 3 С. 36–61
The paper proposes a theoretical framework for analyzing the scientific elite, conceptualizing knowledge production as a dynamic structure shaped by internal contradictions. The scientific elite is understood not as a collection of outstanding researchers, but as a structural effect of knowledge production — a position within the scientific space that concentrates the maximum volume of ...
Added: October 13, 2026
Knyazeva H., Вопросы философии 2026 № 10 С. 82–93
This article provides a philosophical analysis of Richard Buckminster Fuller’s synergetics as the foundation of systemic and creative design in the context of digitalization and the increasing complexity of modern forms of interaction.
The study centers on the idea of form as an active principle for organizing action, thought, and distributed agency. It is demonstrated that ...
Added: October 12, 2026
ИДВ РАН, 2026.
This paper addresses the issue perceiving the national Vietnamese costume as a tool of cultural representation in the context of official state events held in Vietnam and abroad. The study focuses on specific cases of protocol visits, meetings, forums, and beauty contests, where the ao dai and other types and elements of national clothing are ...
Added: October 12, 2026
Radaev V., Социологический журнал 2026 Т. 32 № 3 С. 78–107
В работе раскрывается история появления и распространения в России компьютерных и видеоигр. Через призму межпоколенческого анализа на основе репрезентативных количественных данных исследуется рост вовлеченности россиян в видеоигры, а также растущая зависимость от видеоигр. В качестве основного источника информации привлекаются данные Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения НИУ ВШЭ (РМЭЗ НИУ ВШЭ). Использовались данные за ...
Added: October 12, 2026
Radaev V., Форсайт 2026 Т. 20 № 3 Статья 31440
В работе раскрывается история появления пользовательских цифровых технологий и их распространения среди российского населения. По открытым интернет-источникам построена хронология ключевых событий с 1990-х годов. На основе репрезентативных количественных данных исследуется достижение сначала широкой, затем массовой и, в ряде случаев, всеобщей вовлеченности россиян в наиболее важные цифровые технологии.
В качестве основного источника информации для анализа вовлеченности населения ...
Added: October 12, 2026
Kotelnikova Z., Radaev V., Sinyavskaya O., Мониторинг общественного мнения: Экономические и социальные перемены 2025 № 3(187) С. 3–12
На протяжении XX века происходило становление и развитие социологии потребления как самостоятельной отрасли со своими теоретическими основаниями и богатыми эмпирическими изысканиями. Сегодня нарастает потребность в пересмотре и обогащении многих сложившихся социологических подходов к анализу потребительского поведения в контексте новых глобальных вызовов.
Цель специальной рубрики журнала «Мониторинг общественного мнения: экономические и социальные перемены», представляемой авторами этой вводной ...
Added: October 12, 2026
Kuzminov Y., Ovcharova L., Radaev V., Вопросы экономики 2026 № 5 С. 5–16
This article introduces the special issue of the "Voprosy Ekonomiki" journal, which focuses on household economic behavior. The issue is based on the "Economic Behavior of Households" project, which has been implemented at the Higher School of Economics since 2023. The project consists of two components: a field component, which involves collecting sociological data, and ...
Added: October 12, 2026
Veselova L. S., Азия и Африка сегодня 2026 № 9 С. 38–48
The article examines the consumer practices of China’s middle class in the context of the transformation of Confucian values under the influence of market reforms, urbanization, the expansion of the domestic market, and the state ideology of contemporary China. The focus is on how traditional norms of family responsibility retain their normative significance while being ...
Added: October 12, 2026
Ari G., Liu X., Jiang L. et al., Ecological Indicators 2026 Vol. 191 Article 115592
Snow drought has become a research hotspot due to its widespread impacts on ecosystems and water resources, yet its effects on vegetation phenology remain relatively understudied. Focusing on the Mongolian Plateau, this study used the Snow Water Equivalent Index and the start of growing season (SOS) to assess the associations between snow drought and vegetation ...
Added: October 12, 2026
Баранов А. И., Социологические исследования 2026 № 9 С. 69–80
This paper examines the implications of George Herbert Mead’s conception of political institutions in the context of the problem of social change. The problem lies in how the modern governmental institution combines stability and transformative capacity. Mead’s concept of time provides a general framework for understanding change, expressed in sociality as a phase of adjustment. ...
Added: October 11, 2026
Kharitonov T. I., Человек 2026 Т. 37 № 5 С. 7–24
The article offers a philosophical reconstruction of the forms of explaining evil in Dostoevsky’s works within the context of post-secular theory and the theory of the compensation of modernity developed by O. Marquard and H. Lübbe. The problematization of evil in the writer’s oeuvre is examined from a diachronic perspective as a transition from the aestheticism of ...
Added: October 11, 2026
Temereva E., Zoologischer Anzeiger 2026 Vol. 325 P. 182–195
Brachiopoda is a group of animals, that is still insufficiently studied at the ultrastructural level, despite the significance of ultrastructure of tissues and organs for analysing the functional morphology, reconstructing the organisation and biology of numerous extinct brachiopods, and establishing relationships among major taxa. In the present study, we provide a revised reconstruction of the ...
Added: October 11, 2026
Tulchinskii G. L., Философские науки 2026 Т. 68 № 6 С. 32–58
In the work, technology is considered as a special form of being, going beyond the utilitarian and instrumental understanding and forming a new ontological space. This space is described as a technocosmos or metacosmos: an autonomous and self-generating reality in which technologies do not simply serve human needs, but begin to constitute their own logic ...
Added: October 11, 2026
PRAV Publishing, 2026.
An eventful century has passed since the writings, activities, and networks of René Guénon (1886-1951), Ananda Coomaraswamy (1877-1947), Julius Evola (1898-1974), and Frithjof Schuon (1907-1998) initiated what has come to be known as Traditionalism. Within recent decades, unprecedented attention has been drawn to Traditionalism and Traditionalists, both historical and contemporary, in nearly all possibly categorizable ...
Added: October 11, 2026
Filatova Asya, Epistemology and Philosophy of Science 2026 Vol. 63 No. 3 P. 56–66
This article proposes a rethinking of the role of artificial intelli-gence in contemporary science through an analysis of HarryCollins’s concept of expertise. The point of departure is the ob-served tension between normative accounts of expertise –grounded in ideas of socialisation, tacit knowledge and member-ship in a form of life – and the empirical practices in ...
Added: October 10, 2026
Kishenin P., Атаманенко (Зинина) А. И., Демографическое обозрение 2026 Т. 13 № 3 С. 29–80
This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of key instruments of Russia’s pronatalist demographic policy—specifically, the federal maternity capital program and the RUB 450,000 subsidy for partial repayment of mortgage debt—over the period 2007–2023. The central research challenge is to disentangle short-term shifts in the timing of births from long-term structural changes in ...
Added: October 10, 2026
Trotsuk I., Социологическое обозрение 2026 Т. 25 № 3 С. 351–385
For the professional (in social sciences or humanities) reader David Graeber is a somewhat controversial figure. On the one hand, he is a remarkably successful foreign author in Russia: all his major books have been published in Russian, although his texts and reactions to them have been rather modestly represented in scientific journals. On the ...
Added: October 9, 2026
Сизикова Т. Э., Леонов С. В., Polikanova I., Национальный психологический журнал 2026 Т. 21 № 4 С. 79–89
Background.
The relevance of this study is driven by the rapid increase in anxiety disorders in modern society. According to WHO data from 2021, 359 million people worldwide suffered from anxiety disorders. In psychological practice, there is a growing number of techniques being applied, including those aimed at reducing anxiety, but their effectiveness is not always scientifically proven. Thus, ...
Added: October 6, 2026
Kim A., Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии 2026 Т. XXIX. № 29(1).149
Статья посвящена изучению транзита к родительству молодых матерей в миграции с фокусом на особенности социальных взаимодействий. Поскольку обстоятельство миграции усложняет период транзита к родительству, то основной проблемой молодых матерей становится адаптация к новой жизни в качестве и родителя, и мигранта одновременно. Важными аспектами адаптации в миграции и в родительстве — поддержание привычных социальных взаимодействий и ...
Added: October 2, 2026
Алентьева А. А., Новый филологический вестник 2026 Т. 77 № 2 С. 94–103
The article is devoted to research irony in Turgenev’s play A Month in the Country and Friel’s theatre adaptation A Month in the Country. The purpose of the study is to determine how the Irish playwright interprets Turgenev’s plot. Turgenev presents the moral decline of the Russian nobility amid a state of general disorder. Using ...
Added: September 28, 2026
Skorokhodov N., Социологическое обозрение 2026 Т. 25 № 2 С. 332–359
The article presents a systematic review of the substantive strategies of the New Evolutionary Sociology (NES) program, based on the methodology of the theoretical research programs of J. Berger and M. Zelditch. The review reveals two alternative theoretical directions within NES expressed in the scientific works of Jonathan Turner and Joseph Lopreato. Turner and Lopreato ...
Added: September 22, 2026