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October 14, 2026
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Finances et politique en Russie au début du XXe siècle: la Douma d’État, l'administration des finances et le budget de l’empire de 1908

Revue historique de droit français et étranger. 2006. Vol. 84. No. 3. P. 385–421.
Platonova N.

Le budget de l'État de 1908 fut le premier budget « politique » de la Russie. Il apparaît à l'issu d'un processus révolutionnaire qui contraint l'autocratie à accepter l'institution d'une représentation nationale, la Douma d'Etat. Après avoir reconstitué le parcours historique du budget en Russie dès le XVIIe siècle, cet article s'interroge sur la portée de la nouvelle législation financière de 1906 et retrace les rapports entre le tsar, la Douma et le gouvernement sur le terrain du budget de l'État. Ainsi les contradictions et les contraintes politiques, qui entouraient la mise en place du parlementarisme russe et à travers lesquelles la monarchie poursuivit la restauration du régime autocratique, peuvent être analysées. La plus grande partie de la recherche est consacrée aux débats qui ont jalonné la troisième Douma sur le budget et les problèmes financiers essentiels de l'empire du moment. L'assemblée lutte pour l'élargissement de ses prérogatives budgétaires et pose l'importante question constitutionnelle de la responsabilité ministérielle et du contrôle parlementaire des dépenses monarchiques. Elle propose le programme économique et financier alternatif lequel aurait pu permettre de relancer l'économie du pays et de rénover le système des finances monarchiques sur de nouveaux principes. L'objectif de cet article est de prendre la mesure des changements qu'apporte la réforme politique dans les finances publiques et, à la lumière de l'histoire budgétaire, de discerner le sens et les réalités des évolutions qui s'opérèrent au sein de l'État et ses rapports avec la société en Russie au début du XXe siècle.

Research target: History and Archeology Law Economics and Management
Language: French
Full text
Keywords: финансовое правоpublic financeгосударственный бюджетгосударственные финансыstate budgetреволюция 1905–1907 гг.sources of financial lawfinancial history
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