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Переводить или переписывать? Речь Посполитая в русском переводе «Описание света» Луки де Линды
The article examines the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth`s description in «Opisanie sveta», a Russian translation of the Latin cosmography «Descriptio Orbis» by Luca de Linda. This description, to which Luca de Linda paid special attention, has been changed in the translation: the parts about geography, ranks, and Polish kings are reworked and contain details absent in the original. The translator's tactic is silence and change of emphasis: thus, if the original pays much attention to the political history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the translation turns the text into a few legendary stories and a list of dates, and completely excludes references to Polish-Russian contacts. As a consequence, some parts about the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth are more a rewriting than translation, possibly based on other texts. «Descriptio Orbis» reflects the situation of Polish-Russian conflicts in the early 17th century, while «Opisanie sveta» appears after the Treaty of Perpetual Peace. Thus, the translator, firstly, levels the significance of the fragments about the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth present in the original, and, secondly, creates a more neutral image of the state.